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Wiskunde

Grade 8

Verhoudings en eweredigheid

Meting en vormleer

Konstruksies

Module 15

Die begrip verhouding en verhoudings in hul eenvoudigste vorm

AKTIWITEIT 1

Om die begrip verhouding te verduidelik; en verhoudings in hul eenvoudigste vorm uit te druk [LU 1.4, 1.5]

1. Die [ : ] beteken dat jy twee of meer hoeveelhede (van dieselfde soort) as ‘n verhouding kan uitdruk. bv. Jy ontvang R10 en ek R15, dan kan ek die twee hoeveelhede as ‘n verhouding uitdruk: 10 : 15.

Let wel: Geen eenhede word by verhoudings gebruik nie.

2. Verhoudings kan ook as breuke geskryf en dan vereenvoudig word,

2 3 size 12{ { {2} over {3} } } {} 10 15 size 12{ { {"10"} over {"15"} } } {} bv:

10 : 15 = = = 2 : 3

(Die verhouding is nou in sy eenvoudigste vorm.)

3. Wat sal die volgende verhouding in sy eenvoudigste vorm wees? 1 1 4 size 12{ { {1} over {4} } } {} : 1 1 8 size 12{ { {1} over {8} } } {} ?

Wenk: Maak gemengde getalle breuke en hanteer as deling van breuke.

4. Skryf nou elk van die volgende verhoudings in hul eenvoudigste vorm:

4.1: 18 : 24 : 30

4.2: 3 1 2 size 12{ { {1} over {2} } } {} : 4 1 2 size 12{ { {1} over {2} } } {}

4.3: 70 min : 1 1 4 size 12{ { {1} over {4} } } {} h

4.4: 7,5 kg : 500 g

4.5: 30 m : 300 cm

5. Gegee: verhouding 3 : 5.

5.1 As die grootste bedrag R50 is, wat is die kleinste bedrag?

Wenk

  • Teken altyd ‘n tabel.
  • Vul die eerste kolom in: verhouding en geld.
  • Vul die gegewe gegewens in.
  • Bereken nou a.
VERHOUDING 3 5
GELD (R) a 50

6. Werkgeleenthede in Langa:

Teken ‘n tabel en bereken die volgende:

  • Indien die getalsverhouding tussen mans en vrouens 3 : 7 is, en die aantal vrouens 2 520 is, hoeveel mans is daar in Langa?
VERHOUDING

7. Die nuwe onderwysbeleid in Suid-Afrika vereis die volgende in skole: een onderwyser vir elke 35 leerders.

7.1 Indien daar 315 leerders in Morningstar Primêre Skool is, op hoeveel onderwysers is die skool geregtig?

7.2 Indien die skool oor 23 onderwysers beskik, wat moet die skool se leerdertal wees?

8. Die onderwysdepartement poog om in alle skole ‘n eweredige verhouding tussen onderwysers en leerders te verseker:

8.1 Indien ‘n skool oor 700 leerders en 32 onderwysers beskik, hoeveel onderwysers is botallig en word deur die skool se beheerraad betaal?

8.2 Indien ‘n onderwyser R4 982,55 per maand verdien, wat kos dit die ouers om die ekstra onderwysers per maand te betaal?

AKTIWITEIT 2

Om deur die gebruik van verhoudings sekere gegewens maklik te vergelyk, en verdeling (van enige eenhede) met behulp van verhoudings te doen [LU 1.4, 1.5, 3.7, 4.1]

a) Die vergelyking van gegewens deur van verhoudings gebruik te maak

1. Die boukoste van laekostebehuisingsontwikkelings in die Wes-Kaap het in 2000 tot 2003 van R1 000 tot R1 220 /m² gestyg teenoor R1 330 tot R2 102/m², in Gauteng.

1.1 Hoe sal jy aantoon dat die styging regverdig is?

1.1.1 Druk die gegewens as ‘n verhouding uit.

2000 2003
GAUTENG:
WES-KAAP:

1.1.2 Druk elke verhouding as ‘n desimale getal of persentasie uit. (Gebruik jou sakrekenaar.)

Gauteng:

Wes-Kaap:

1.1.3 Watter verhouding is die grootste?

1.1.4 Is die styging regverdig?

1.1.5 Waaraan sal jy die verskil toeskryf?

b) Verdeling deur van verhoudings gebruik te maak

1. Mnr. Verkuil van Langverwacht Primêre Skool het verlede Saterdag R 150 500 met die Lotto gewen. Hy neem R50 000 vir sy eie gebruik en besluit om die res van die geld tussen die Vigsprojek van die skool en die Helpmekaarfonds vir behoeftige plaaswerkers te verdeel.

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 11, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11033/1.1
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