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Wiskunde

Graad 4

Getalle, breuke, desimale breuke en getalpatrone

Module 8

Vergelyking van breuke

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om breuke te vergelyk [LU 1.5.1]

1. Elk van die volgende drie stawe verteenwoordig een geheel.

Die boonste staaf toon derdes. Die middelste staaf toon twaalfdes. Die laaste staaf toon sesdes. Jy kan hulle raadpleeg om te besluit met watter teken (<of  ) jy die size 12{ * } {} moet vervang om die stellings hieronder waar te maak:

1.1 2 3 size 12{ { {2} over {3} } } {} size 12{ * } {} 5 6 size 12{ { {5} over {6} } } {}

1.2 5 6 size 12{ { {5} over {6} } } {} size 12{ * } {} 11 12 size 12{ { {"11"} over {"12"} } } {}

1.3 9 12 size 12{ { {9} over {"12"} } } {} size 12{ * } {} 2 3 size 12{ { {2} over {3} } } {}

1.4 3 12 size 12{ { {3} over {"12"} } } {} size 12{ * } {} 2 6 size 12{ { {2} over {6} } } {}

2. Hier stel elke staaf weer een hele voor.

Die boonste staaf toon________. Die onderste staaf toon _____ .

Raadpleeg hierdie stawe om die onderstaande te voltooi:

  • twee vyfdes<__________________ tiendes
  • ses tiendes<_______________ vyfdes
  • vier vyfdes>_______________ tiendes
  • twee tiendes<_______________ vyfdes
  • Watter een is groter: vier tiendes of vier vyfdes?________
  • Watter een is groter: drie tiendes of twee vyfdes?___________
  • Wat is minder: drie vyfdes of vyf tiendes?______________

3. Hier stel elke staaf weer een hele voor.

Beskou die stawe hierbo goed en voltooi dan die volgende:

  • halwe>__________ agste.
  • twee agstes<__________ kwarte.
  • drie kwarte>vyf_________ .

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om aan en terug te tel in breuke [LU 1.3]

1. Groepbespreking

Lees die volgende en bespreek dit om te besluit wie reg was:

Die opvoeder sê, “Tel in halwes van 0 tot 10.”

Wie was reg?

Eintlik was altwee maniere van tel korrek. Kom ons kyk na hoe Pieter dit gedoen het.

1 2 size 12{ { { size 11{1}} over { size 11{2}} } } {} ; 2 2 size 12{ { {2} over { size 11{2}} } } {} ; 3 2 size 12{ { {3} over { size 11{2}} } } {} ; 4 2 size 12{ { {4} over { size 11{2}} } } {} ; 5 2 size 12{ { {5} over { size 11{2}} } } {} Wat merk jy hier op?

Ja, na die eerste twee is die boonste gedeelte van die breuk groter as die onderste gedeelte.

Wat beteken dit? Bespreek.

Ja, dit beteken dat daar ten minste een hele in die getal versteek is.

2 2 size 12{ { {2} over { size 11{2}} } } {} = een hele; 3 2 size 12{ { {3} over { size 11{2}} } } {} = 1 1 2 size 12{ size 11{1 { {1} over { size 11{2}} } }} {} Wat is die betekenis van vier halwes? Wat beteken vyf halwes?

Wanneer die boonste deel van 'n breuk (teller) groter is as die onderste deel (noemer) praat ons van 'n ONEGTE BREUK.

5 2 size 12{ { {5} over { size 11{2}} } } {} is 'n ONEGTE BREUK; die boonste deel is groter as die onderste deel.

Soms is dit nodig om onegte breuke in berekeninge te gebruik. Die meeste opvoeders verkies egter dat jy die finale antwoord in 'n berekening as 'n gemengde getal skryf.

2. MONDELINGE WERK: Doen nou die volgende teloefeninge. Jy mag onegte breuke of gemengde getalle gebruik. Vra 'n maat om jou antwoorde te kontroleer.

2.1 (a) Tel in halwes van 0 tot 10.

(b) Tel terug in halwes van 100 tot 90.

2.2 (a) Tel in derdes van 6 tot 10.

(b) Tel terug in derdes van 30 tot 25.

2.3 (a) Tel in kwarte van 12 tot 16.

(b) Tel terug in kwarte van 100 tot 96.

2.4 (a) Tel in vyfdes van 50 tot 55.

(b) Tel terug in vyfdes van 10 tot 6.

2.5 (a) Tel in sesdes van 24 tot 26.

(b) Tel terug in sesdes van 36 tot 30.

2.6 (a) Tel in sewendes van 0 tot 4.

(b) Tel terug in sewendes van 21 tot 17.

2.7 (a) Tel in agstes van 0 tot 3.

(b) Tel terug in agstes van 10 tot

2.8 (a) Tel in tiendes van 3 tot 8.

(b) Tel terug in tiendes van 100 tot 97.

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om ekwivalente breuke te herken [LU 1.5.1]

Om numeriese patrone te ondersoek om verwantskappe of reëls te vind [LU 2.1]

Twee seuns bestudeer ‘n meetbeker wat halfvol is.

Wie is korrek? Ja, beide is korrek. Daar is net een beker en een hoeveelheid Coca Cola, maar ons kan van 1 2 size 12{ { { size 10{1}} over { size 10{2}} } } {} en 500 1 000 size 12{ { { size 10{"500"}} over { size 10{"1 000"}} } } {} praat; dit is verskillende name vir dieselfde

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 4. OpenStax CNX. Sep 18, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11100/1.1
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