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Wiskunde

Graad 4

Getalle, breuke, desimale breuke en getalpatrone

Module 9

Herkenning van desimale breuke

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om desimale breuke te herken en voor te stel [LU 1.3.4]

HERKENNING VAN DESIMALE

1. Wat is desimale?

1.2 Dink terug oor Plekwaardes: Duisende; Honderde; Tiene en Ene (Eenhede).

Voltooi die volgende:

1 000  10 = 100
100  10 =
10  10 =
1  10 = ?

1.3 Toets nou jou antwoorde met behulp van die sakrekenaar.

Die sakrekenaar sê 1  10 = 0,1. Wat beteken 0,1 ? Bespreek dit met 'n maat.

1.4 Trek lyne in die staaf hieronder om tiendes te toon. Een (staaf) is deur 10 verdeel. Ons sê dat 0,1 een tiende is. Dit is die enigste manier waarop sakrekenaars een tiende kan voorstel, omdat dit is wat hulle geprogrammeer is om te doen. Nou moet jy elke afdeling van die staaf hieronder merk deur 0,1 in elkeen te skryf.

Wat beteken 0,1? Ons het gesien dat 1  10 = 0,1.

Dink weer oor Breuke: ons het gesê: 1  2 = 1 2 size 12{ { {1} over {2} } } {}

Dus is 1  10 = 1 10 size 12{ { {1} over {"10"} } } {}

1  10 = 1 10 size 12{ { {1} over {"10"} } } {} = 0,1

0,1 is slegs 'n ander manier waarop ons 1 10 size 12{ { {1} over {"10"} } } {} kan skryf

Bestudeer die diagram:

Duisende1 000 Honderde100 Tiene10 Eenhede (ene)1 Tiendes
Duisende1 000 Honderde100 Tiene10 Eenhede (ene)1 Tiendes 1 10 size 12{ { {1} over {"10"} } } {}
7 1 9 3 6
5 0 6 9 1

Hoe dui ons die einde van die heelgetal aan as daar geen hoofde by die kolomme is nie?

Ons gebruik 'n DESIMALE KOMMA.

Wat is die getalle wat in die kolomme geskryf is?

  • 7 193, 6 = 7 × 1 000 + 1 × 100 + 9 × 10 + 3 × 1 + ses tiendes
  • 5 069,1 = 5 × 1 000 + 0 + 6 × 10 + 9 × 1 + 1 10 size 12{ { {1} over {"10"} } } {}

Ons sakrekenaars is nie in staat om gewone breuke aan te dui soos ons dit doen nie; hulle is bloot masjiene wat geprogrammeer word om plekwaardes te gebruik, dus kan hulle net desimale breuke toon.

Onthou: Ons gebruik die DESIMALE KOMMA

Om die EINDE VAN DIE HEELGETAL en die

BEGIN VAN DIE DESIMALE BREUK aan te dui

2. Skryf nou die volgende desimale getalle in hul uitgebreide vorm onder die korrekte hofie in die kolomme hieronder:

2.1 (a) 1 456,3

(b) 4 601,9

(c) 8,5

(d) 31, 7

(e) 456,2

X 1 000 × 100 × 10 × 1 × 0,1(tiendes)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Die EERSTE figuur ná die desimale komma is altyd TIENDES.

2.2 Skryf hulle nou weer, in hul uitgebreide vorm:

(a) 1 456,3 = 1 × 1 000 + 4 × 100 + 5 × 10 + 6 × 1 + 3 × 0,1

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om desimale breuke te vergelyk [LU 1.5.2]

1. Dink sorgvuldig na oor die waarde van elke figuur en gebruik die korrekte teken van die volgende:<; ; = om die onderstaande vergelykings aan te dui:

1.1 1,5 _____ 1,7 1.4 45,9 _____62,3

1.2 6,3 _____6,1 1.5 13,2 _____8,6

1.3 24,7_____42,3 1.6 57,5 _____58,2

2. Trek 'n kring om die grootste getal:

43,7; 41,9; 43,1; 49,1; 41,5

3. Skryf die getal wat gevra word:

Antwoord Antwoord
3.1 een meer as 9,9 3.1 3.5 0,1 minder as 7,1 3.5
3..2 0,1 meer as 5,3 3.2 3.6 0,1 meer as 99,0 3.6
3.3 0,1 minder as 6 3.3 3.7 0,1 meer as 5,8 3.7
3.4 0,1 minder as 8,3 3.4 3.8 0,1 minder as 10 3.8

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om breuke te herlei na desimale breuke en omgekeerd [LU 1.5.2]

Groepbespreking.

1. Lees die volgende gesprek tussen John en Sara.

  • Is Sara se antwoord reg? Dit het nie gelyk of dit John se vraag heeltemal beantwoord het nie. Waarvandaan het die ,5 gekom? Bespreek dit gou. Probeer om te verduidelik hoekom 'n sakrekenaar 'n halwe as = 0,5 aandui.
  • Wie van julle was wawyd wakker? Almal? Het almal die antwoord geken? Dis wonderlik! Ja, dit is omdat die sakrekenaar in tiendes tel en vyf tiendes = een halwe. Die arme sakrekenaar moet ekwivalente breuke gebruik om getalle soos halwes en kwarte en enige ander breuke wat nie tiendes is nie tot tiendes (of honderdstes en duisendstes, waaroor ons later praat) te maak.

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 4. OpenStax CNX. Sep 18, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11100/1.1
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