<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >
s 2 = ( x - x ¯ ) 2 n - 1 .

Aangesien die steekproef kwadreer word, is dit ook nie direk vergelykbaar met die gemiddeld en die datapunte self nie.

’n Algemene vraag op hierdie stadium is “Hoekom word die teller gekwadreer? Een aantwoord is: om ontslae te raak van die negatiewe tekens. Sommige punte gaan bo die gemiddeld wees en ander odner die gemiddeld. Dit sal teenproduktief wees om as hierdie positiewe en negateiewe verskille mekaar uitkanselleer.

Verskil tussen populasie variansie en steekproef variansie

Dit is duidelik dat daar onderskeid getref word tussen variansie σ 2 , van ‘n hele populasie en die variansie s 2 van ‘n steekproef van die populasie.

Wanneer daar met die hele populasie gewerk word is variansie ‘n konstante, ‘n parameter wat help om die hele populasie te beskryf. Wanneer daar met die steekproef van die populasie gewerk word varieer die variansie van steekproef tot steekproef. die steekproef variansie is slegs van belang as ‘n benadering of skatting van die populasie variansie.

Eienskappe van variansie

Die variansie is nooit negatief nie aangesien die kwadratiese terme of nul of positief is. Die eenheid van variansie is die kwadraat van die eenheid van observasie. Byvoorbeeld, die variansie van ‘n datastel van hoogtes gemeet in sentimeters sal vierkante sentimeter wees. Dit is ‘n ongerieflike eienskap en statistici kies om eerder die vierkantswortel van die variansie gebruik, wat algemeen bekend staan as die Standaard Afwyking en gebruik word as maatstaf van verspreiding.

Standaard afwyking

Aangesien die variansie ‘n kwadratiese hoeveelheid is kan dit nie direk vergelyk word met die data waardes en die gemiddeld nie. Dit is daarom meer sinvol om ‘n hoeveelheid te gebruik wat die vierkantswortel is die variansie. Hierdie hoeveelheid staan bekend as die standaard afwyking.

In statistiek is die standaard afwyking die mees algemene maatstaf van statistiese verspreiding. Standaard afwyking meet hoe uitgesprei die waardes in ‘n datastel is. Dit is ‘n maatstaf van die gemiddelde verskil tussen die waardes in ‘n datastel en die gemiddeld van die datastel. Indien die waarders soortgelyk (naby aan mekaar) is sal die standaard afwyking laag wees (nader aan nul wees). Indien die waardes beduidend verskillend (verder van mekaar) is sal die standaard afwyking hoog wees (verder van nul).

Die standaard afwyking is altyd positief en word in die selfde eenheid gemeet as die oorspronklike data. Byvoorbeeld, indien die data in meters gemeet is, sal die standaard afwyking ook in meters gemeet wees.

Populasie standaard afwyking

Laat die populasie bestaan uit n elemente { x 1 , x 2 , ... , x n } , met gemiddeld x ¯ . Due standaard afwyking van die populasie, aangedui met σ , is die vierkantswortel van die gemiddeld van die kwadraat van die verskil tussen elke data punt en die gemiddeld.

σ = ( x - x ¯ ) 2 n

Steekproef standaard afwyking

Laat die steekproef bestaan uit n elemente { x 1 , x 2 , ... , x n } , geneem van ‘n populasie met gemiddeld x ¯ . Die standaard afwyking van die steekproef, aangedui met s , is die vierkantswortel van die gemiddeld van die kwadraat van die afwykings van die steekproef gemiddeld:

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
Aislinn Reply
cm
tijani
what is titration
John Reply
what is physics
Siyaka Reply
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Jude Reply
Can you compute that for me. Ty
Jude
what is the dimension formula of energy?
David Reply
what is viscosity?
David
what is inorganic
emma Reply
what is chemistry
Youesf Reply
what is inorganic
emma
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
Adjei
please, I'm a physics student and I need help in physics
Adjanou
chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
Krampah Reply
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
Sahid Reply
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
Ryan
what's motion
Maurice Reply
what are the types of wave
Maurice
answer
Magreth
progressive wave
Magreth
hello friend how are you
Muhammad Reply
fine, how about you?
Mohammed
hi
Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
yasuo Reply
Who can show me the full solution in this problem?
Reofrir Reply
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 11). OpenStax CNX. Sep 20, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11339/1.4
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 11)' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask