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Discuss why this statement is incorrect: arccos ( cos x ) = x for all x .

Determine whether the following statement is true or false and explain your answer: arccos ( x ) = π arccos x .

True . The angle, θ 1 that equals arccos ( x ) , x > 0 , will be a second quadrant angle with reference angle, θ 2 , where θ 2 equals arccos x , x > 0 . Since θ 2 is the reference angle for θ 1 , θ 2 = π θ 1 and arccos ( x ) = π arccos x -

Algebraic

For the following exercises, evaluate the expressions.

sin 1 ( 2 2 )

sin 1 ( 1 2 )

π 6

cos 1 ( 1 2 )

cos 1 ( 2 2 )

3 π 4

tan 1 ( 1 )

tan 1 ( 3 )

π 3

tan 1 ( 1 )

tan 1 ( 3 )

π 3

tan 1 ( 1 3 )

For the following exercises, use a calculator to evaluate each expression. Express answers to the nearest hundredth.

cos 1 ( 0.4 )

1.98

arcsin ( 0.23 )

arccos ( 3 5 )

0.93

cos 1 ( 0.8 )

tan 1 ( 6 )

1.41

For the following exercises, find the angle θ in the given right triangle. Round answers to the nearest hundredth.

An illustration of a right triangle with angle theta. Opposite the angle theta is a side with length of 7. The hypotenuse has a lngeth of 10.
An illustration of a right triangle with angle theta. Adjacent the angle theta is a side of length 19. Opposite the angle theta is a side with length 12.

0.56 radians

For the following exercises, find the exact value, if possible, without a calculator. If it is not possible, explain why.

sin 1 ( cos ( π ) )

tan 1 ( sin ( π ) )

0

cos 1 ( sin ( π 3 ) )

tan 1 ( sin ( π 3 ) )

0.71

sin 1 ( cos ( π 2 ) )

tan 1 ( sin ( 4 π 3 ) )

-0.71

sin 1 ( sin ( 5 π 6 ) )

tan 1 ( sin ( 5 π 2 ) )

π 4

cos ( sin 1 ( 4 5 ) )

sin ( cos 1 ( 3 5 ) )

0.8

sin ( tan 1 ( 4 3 ) )

cos ( tan 1 ( 12 5 ) )

5 13

cos ( sin 1 ( 1 2 ) )

For the following exercises, find the exact value of the expression in terms of x with the help of a reference triangle.

tan ( sin 1 ( x 1 ) )

x 1 x 2 + 2 x

sin ( cos 1 ( 1 x ) )

cos ( sin 1 ( 1 x ) )

x 2 1 x

cos ( tan 1 ( 3 x 1 ) )

tan ( sin 1 ( x + 1 2 ) )

x + 0.5 x 2 x + 3 4

Extensions

For the following exercises, evaluate the expression without using a calculator. Give the exact value.

sin 1 ( 1 2 ) cos 1 ( 2 2 ) + sin 1 ( 3 2 ) cos 1 ( 1 ) cos 1 ( 3 2 ) sin 1 ( 2 2 ) + cos 1 ( 1 2 ) sin 1 ( 0 )

For the following exercises, find the function if sin t = x x + 1 .

cos t

2 x + 1 x + 1

sec t

cot t

2 x + 1 x

cos ( sin 1 ( x x + 1 ) )

tan 1 ( x 2 x + 1 )

t

Graphical

Graph y = sin 1 x and state the domain and range of the function.

Graph y = arccos x and state the domain and range of the function.

A graph of the function arc cosine of x over -1 to 1. The range of the function is 0 to pi.

domain [ 1 , 1 ] ; range [ 0 , π ]

Graph one cycle of y = tan 1 x and state the domain and range of the function.

For what value of x does sin x = sin 1 x ? Use a graphing calculator to approximate the answer.

approximately x = 0.00

For what value of x does cos x = cos 1 x ? Use a graphing calculator to approximate the answer.

Real-world applications

Suppose a 13-foot ladder is leaning against a building, reaching to the bottom of a second-floor window 12 feet above the ground. What angle, in radians, does the ladder make with the building?

0.395 radians

Suppose you drive 0.6 miles on a road so that the vertical distance changes from 0 to 150 feet. What is the angle of elevation of the road?

An isosceles triangle has two congruent sides of length 9 inches. The remaining side has a length of 8 inches. Find the angle that a side of 9 inches makes with the 8-inch side.

1.11 radians

Without using a calculator, approximate the value of arctan ( 10 , 000 ) . Explain why your answer is reasonable.

A truss for the roof of a house is constructed from two identical right triangles. Each has a base of 12 feet and height of 4 feet. Find the measure of the acute angle adjacent to the 4-foot side.

1.25 radians

Practice Key Terms 6

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Source:  OpenStax, Contemporary math applications. OpenStax CNX. Dec 15, 2014 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11559/1.6
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