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Sosiale wetenskappe: aardrykskunde

Graad 9

Ontwikkelingsvraagstukke

Module 5

Die groen rewolusie

1. Die Groen Rewolusie

Die Groen Rewolusie verwys na ‘n veldtog wat ongeveer dertig jaar gelede geloods is om voedselproduksie indringend te verhoog. Die term is deur die Agentskap vir Internasionale Ontwikkeling in die VSA in 1968 geskep. Die term geld vir die periode vanaf 1967 tot 1978. Aanvanklik is daar gekonsentreer op die uitbreiding van grond wat vir die verbouing van gewasse aangewend word. In dié tyd is daarin geslaag om die produksie van gewasse soos rys en koring te verdubbel. Dit staan as stapelvoedsel bekend – vind uit wat dit beteken en watter lande rys of koring as stapelvoedsel gebruik.

Later sou ander metodes en tegnieke volg om die produksie van oeste te verhoog. Die volgende vyf is belangrik:

Nuwe oeskultivars

Besproeiing

Bemestingstowwe

Plaagdoders

Meganisasie

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om ‘n studie te maak van tegnieke wat landbouproduksie verhoog

[lu 2.1]

a) Skryf kort aantekeninge oor elke tegniek, en waar dit in die wêreld en in jou streek voorkom. Noem ook hoe dit bydra tot ontwikkeling. Probeer fotomateriaal klas toe bring.

b) Skryf ‘n opstel of hou ‘n klasbespreking oor wat sal gebeur as die wêreld of jou land se voedsel opraak.

c) In watter rigting kan ‘n mens verder studeer as jy aan hierdie probleme wil aandag gee?

d) Watter loopbane bestaan daar op hierdie gebied?

e) Waar kan ‘n mens jou daarvoor bekwaam in jou eie land?

f) Wat is die rol en probleme van boere en plaasarbeiders?

g) Laat iemand wat op ‘n plaas woon julle meer daarvan vertel, of onderneem ‘n uitstappie na ‘n plaas of landbou-tegniese inrigting sodat boere of beamptes julle verder kan inlig.

h) Sien jy kans om ‘n boer, plaasbestuurder, arbeider of landboukundige te word?

i) Wat is die uitdagings, voordele en nadele hiervan?

2. Die Groen Rewolusie in Indië

Die Groen Rewolusie in Indië het drie elemente behels:

  • Voortgesette uitbreiding van plaasgebiede
  • Dubbeloeste op bestaande plaasgrond
  • Die gebruik van geneties verbeterde saad

Die Groen Rewolusie het tot ‘n rekord graanoes in 1978 - 79 gelei en van Indië een van die grootste landbouprodusente gemaak.

Die opbrengs per eenheid landbougrond het sedert onafhanklikheidswording in 1947 met meer as 30% toegeneem.

Die opbrengste met geneties verbeterde saad was baie goed. Meer as 70% van die koringoes, 35% van die rysoes en 20% van die manna- en graanoes het van geneties gevorderde saad gekom.

Die Groen Rewolusie het gelei tot die skep van werkgeleenthede omdat die behoefte aan kunsmis en gifstowwe gegroei het en daar meer damme gebou is.

Die Groen Rewolusie het Indië verander van ‘n verhongerde nasie na ‘n uitvoerder van voedsel. Wat was die voordele daarvan?

a) Verspreiding van die Indiese bevolking. Die grootste digtheid is in die Middel- en Benede-Gangavallei en westelike en suidoostelike kusvlaktes.

b) Die belangrikste boerderystelsels en -produkte. Rys, tee en jute word in die waterryke streke verbou en koring, mielies en katoen in die droër binneland.

3. Lesse uit die Groen Rewolusie

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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 14, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11054/1.1
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