Ucd bis2a intro to biology v1.2

OpenStax

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Bis2a 0.0 preface to biostax for bis2a at uc davis v1.2

0.1 About openstax college

0.2 About openstax college’s resources

0.3 Customization

0.6 About biology

0.7 Coverage and scope

0.8 Pedagogical foundation and features

0.9 Art and animations that engage

0.10 About our team

0.11 Senior contributors

0.12 Faculty contributors and reviewers

0.13 Learning resources

1 Bis2a 01.0 introduction to bis2a v1.2

2 Bis2a 01.1 the science of biology v1.2

3 Bis2a 01.2 themes and concepts of biology

4 Bis2a 02.0 introduction chemistry of life

5 Bis2a 02.1 atoms, isotopes, ions, and molecules: the building blocks

6 Bis2a 02.2 carbon v1.2

7 Bis2a 02.2 appendix i working with functional groups: aldehydes,

7.1 Functional groups

7.2 Aldehydes and ketones

7.3 Carboxylic acids and esters

7.4 Key concepts and summary

7.5 Chemistry end of chapter exercises

8 Bis2a 02.3 water

9 Bis2a 02.appendix ii detailed look at acid-base equilibrium

10 Bis2a 03.0 introduction to macromolecules

11 Bis2a 03.1 proteins v1.2

12 Bis2a 03.2 carbohydrates v1.2

13 Bis2a 03.3 lipids v1.2

14 Bis2a 03.4 nucleic acids v1.2

15 Bis2a 03.5 synthesis of biological macromolecules

16 Bis2a 04.0 energy and thermodynamics v1.2

17 Bis2a 05.0 introduction biological reactions and catalysts

18 Bis2a 05.1 chemical reactions

19 Bis2a 05.2 enzymes

19.1 Enzyme active site and substrate specificity

19.2 Induced fit and enzyme function

19.3 Control of metabolism through enzyme regulation

19.4 Regulation of enzymes by molecules

19.5 Enzyme compartmentalization

19.6 Feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways

19.7 Additional links

19.8 Section summary

20 Bis2a 06.0 energy in living systems v1.2

21 Bis2a 06.1 red/ox in metabolism v1.2

21.1 Red/ox reactions in biology

21.2 Red/ox in metabolism

21.3 How are red/ox reactions used to generate usable energy for the cell

21.4 The half reaction

21.5 The electron tower: a tool to be used for understanding red/ox

22 Bis2a 06.2 oxidative phosphorylation v1.2

22.1 Electron transport chain

22.3 Q and complex ii

22.4 Complex iii

22.5 Complex iv

22.7 Chemiosmosis

22.9 Section summary

22.10 Art connections

23 Bis2a 06.3 photophosphorylation: the light reactions in photosynthesis

23.1 What is light energy?

23.2 Absorption of light

23.3 Understanding pigments

23.4 What happens when a compound absorbs a photon of light?

23.5 Photophosphorylation a brief synopsis

23.6 Simple anoxygenic photophosphorylation systems

23.7 Oxygenic photophosphorylation

23.8 Generating an energy carrier: atp

23.9 Section summary

23.10 Art connections

24 Bis2a 06.appendix a review of red/ox reactions

24.1 This module is a review and supplemental information

24.2 Oxidation-reduction reactions

24.3 Balancing redox reactions via the half-reaction method

24.4 Key concepts and summary

24.5 Chemistry end of chapter exercises

25 Bis2a 07.1 glycolysis

26 Bis2a 07.2 fermentation

27 Bis2a 07.3 oxidation of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle

28 Bis2a 07.4 pentose phosphate pathway

29 Bis2a 07.5 the calvin cycle or using light energy to make organic

30 Bis2a 08.0 metabolism from a microbes perspective

30.1 Metabolism: putting it into perspective

30.2 Needs of single cell microbes

30.3 Macronutrients

30.4 Micronutrients

30.5 The ways in which bacteria and archaea obtain energy

30.6 The ways in which bacteria and archaea obtain carbon

30.7 Role of microbes in ecosystems

30.8 Microbes and the carbon cycle

30.9 Bacteria and the nitrogen cycle

30.10 Section summary

30.11 Art connections

31 Bis2a 09.0 membranes: components and structure

32 Bis2a 09.1 passive transport

32.1 Transport across the membrane

32.2 Passive transport

32.3 Selective permeability

32.5 Factors that affect diffusion

32.6 Facilitated transport

32.8 Carrier proteins

32.10 Mechanism

32.12 Hypotonic solutions

32.13 Hypertonic solutions

32.14 Isotonic solutions

32.15 Tonicity in living systems

32.16 Section summary

32.17 Art connections

33 Bis2a 09.2 active transport

34 Bis2a 09.3 endocytosis

34.1 Endocytosis

34.2 Exocytosis

34.3 Section summary

35 Bis2a 10.0 prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea

36 Bis2a 10.1 structure of bacteria and archaea

36.1 The prokaryotic cell

36.2 The plasma membrane

36.3 The cell wall

36.4 Reproduction

36.5 Section summary

36.6 Art connections

37 Bis2a 10.3 the cytoskeleton

38 Bis2a 10.4 the endomembrane system and proteins

39 Bis2a 10.5 eukaryotic origins

39.1 Characteristics of eukaryotes

39.2 Endosymbiosis and the evolution of eukaryotes

39.3 Prokaryotic metabolism

39.4 Endosymbiotic theory

39.5 Mitochondria

39.7 Section summary

39.8 Art connections

40 Bis2a 11.0 dna structure

41 Bis2a 11.1 dna synthesis

41.1 Dna replication an overview

41.2 Dna replication in eukaryotes

41.3 Telomere replication

41.4 Dna replication in prokaryotes

41.5 Section summary

41.6 Art connections

42 Bis2a 11.2 mutations and dna repair

43 Bis2a 11.3 genome sequencing

43.1 Strategies used in sequencing projects

43.2 Early strategies: shotgun sequencing and pair-wise end sequencing

43.3 Next-generation sequencing

43.4 Use of whole-genome sequences of model organisms

43.5 Uses of genome sequences

43.6 Section summary

44 Bis2a 11.4 manipulations of dna and its uses in biotechnology

45 Bis2a 12.0 transcription

46 Bis2a 12.1 bacterial transcription

47 Bis2a 12.2 eukaryotic transcription

48 Bis2a 12.3 rna processing in eukaryotes

49 Bis2a 13.0 translation

49.1 The protein synthesis machinery

49.2 The genetic code

49.3 The mechanism of protein synthesis

49.4 Section summary

50 Bis2a 13.1 ribosomes and protein synthesis

51 Bis2a 13.2 central dogma review:

51.1 From dna to rna: transcription

51.2 From rna to protein: translation

51.3 Gene mutations

51.4 Chapter review

51.5 Interactive link questions

52 Bis2a 14.0 regulation of gene expression overview

53 Bis2a 14.1 bacterial gene regulation

54 Bis2a 14.2 eukaryotic epigenetic gene regulation

55 Bis2a 14.3 cancer and gene regulation

56 Bis2a 14.4 genomics and proteomics

57 Bis2a 15.0 the cell cycle

57.1 Interphase

57.5 The mitotic phase

57.7 Cytokinesis

57.9 Control of the cell cycle

57.10 Regulation at internal checkpoints

57.11 The g 1 Checkpoint

57.12 The g 2 Checkpoint

57.13 The m checkpoint

57.14 Section summary

57.15 Art connections

58 Bis2a 15.1 cell division

59 Bis2a 15.2 cell growth and division

59.1 The cell cycle

59.2 Interphase

59.3 The structure of chromosomes

59.4 Mitosis and cytokinesis

59.5 Cell cycle control

59.6 Mechanisms of cell cycle control

59.7 The cell cycle out of control: implications

59.8 Chapter review

59.9 Interactive link questions

60 Bis2a 15.3 bacterial and archaeal cell division

61 Bis2a 16.0 introduction to meiosis

62 Bis2a 16.1 meiosis

62.2 Prophase i

62.3 Prometaphase i

62.4 Metaphase i

62.5 Anaphase i

62.6 Telophase i and cytokinesis

62.7 Meiosis ii

62.8 Prophase ii

62.9 Prometaphase ii

62.10 Metaphase ii

62.11 Anaphase ii

62.12 Telophase ii and cytokinesis

62.13 Comparing meiosis and mitosis

62.14 Section summary

63 Bis2a 16.2 errors in meiosis

64 Bis2a 16.3 sexual reproduction

64.1 Life cycles of sexually reproducing organisms

64.2 Section summary

64.3 Art connections

Source: OpenStax, Ucd bis2a intro to biology v1.2. OpenStax CNX. Sep 22, 2015 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11890/1.1

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