Transdermal e.g. Nicotine patches. Outer layer (stratum corneum) of skin is rate limiting.
Buccal & Sublingual also another option-involves absorption through mouth (not swallowing). e.g. GTN for angina.
Intranasal e.g. GTN (for angina)/Desmopressin
Rectal: Middle-lower rectum avoids first pass metabolism.
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