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TEGNOLOGIE

Graad 6

PneumatiES en hidroulies: laat wind en water werk

Module 16

ONTSPANNING

Ontspanning

Agtergrond

Hidroulika is die studie van vloeistofbeweging en benutting van die krag daarvan in die vorm van ‘n meganiese beweging. Hidroulika is gebaseer op die beginsel dat ‘n krag deur ‘n vloeistof oorgedra kan word. Hidrouliese masjiene het gedeeltes wat beheer kan word deur van ‘n vloeistof onder druk gebruik te maak. ‘n Hidrouliese stelsel het ‘n pyp wat met ‘n vloeistof soos olie gevul is en ‘n klep/suier wat heen en weer in die pyp beweeg. Deur die vloeistof in die pyp saam te pers veroorsaak dit dat die klep/suier beweeg, wat dan die krag van die een end van die pyp na die ander end stuur.

Pneumatiese stelsels het dele wat beheer word deur saamgeperste lug. In ‘n pneumatiese stelsel veroorsaak lug dat die suier/klep beweeg en so word die krag van een posisie na ‘n ander oorgedra. ‘n Fietspomp en ‘n stofsuier is pneumatiese stelsels, want beide het ‘n pomp wat lug van een plek na ‘n ander versprei en so ‘n spesifieke krag oordra.

Wanneer ons ‘n swaar voorwerp moet beweeg deur gebruik te maak van ‘ n vloeistof wat saamgepers word, gebruik ons ‘n ……………………………..stelsel. Baie kragtige masjiene wat sekere voorwerpe kan stoot, druk of oplig, werk hidroulies. ‘n Hidrouliese stelsel vergroot die krag wat ‘n voorwerp uitoefen aansienlik.

opdrag 1:

Om ‘n eenvoudige hidrouliese pomp te maak

[LU 1.3]

Benodigdhede:

’n Plastiekbuis +- 40 cm.

Kleeflint.

‘n Swaar voorwerp.

Water.

Twee groot ballonne.

Twee 2 ℓ plastiekbottels

Twee rekkies

‘n Skêr

‘n Tregter

Twee leë koeldrankblikkies

Metode:

Plaas die opening van die ballon oor die bek van die plastiekbuis en verseël dit met kleeflint.

Sny die boonste gedeelte van albei bottels af net bokant die etiket.

Maak ‘n gaatjie aan die onderkant naby die basis van elke bottel.

Druk die ballon en plastiekbuis deur die gaatjie van bottel B. Die ballon moet onder in die bodem van die bottel wees.

Steek die ander kant van die plastiekbuis deur die opening van bottel A. Gooi water versigtig met die tregter deur die pypie om die ballon in B te vul. Maak die ander ballon ook vol water en heg dit daarna aan die plastiekbuis in A soos in stap 1. Daar moet so min as moontlik lug in die ballonne en pyp wees.

Plaas die blikkies bo-op die ballonne in die bottels. Plaas dan die swaar voorwerp versigtig bo-op die blikkie in B.

Druk nou versigtig, maar hard op die ander blikkie in A.

Wat is jul waarneming?

Meer water word vanaf die ballon in A na die ballon in B geforseer. Dit druk die blikkie hoër, wat dan veroorsaak dat die swaar voorwerp ook opwaarts gedruk word.

Waarom werk dit?

Dit is moeilik om water saam te pers. As jy water hard op een plek saampers, sal dit weer net so hard op ‘n ander plek uitstoot. Die water dra dus die krag van een blikkie na ‘n ander oor. Alle hidrouliese masjiene werk volgens hierdie beginsel.

Agtergrond

Kragtige stootskrapers, brandweerwaens en hyskrane gebruik hidrouliese krag om swaar vragte maklik op te lig. ‘n Vloeistof word vanaf ‘n pomp met pype na silinders gevoer, waar die vloeistof die suiers met ‘n groot krag uitstoot. Die suiers forseer die skepbak in die grond in en ‘n groot vrag grond kan so gelig word. (‘n Klep veroorsaak dat lug of ‘n vloeistof in een rigting beweeg, maar keer ook dat die lug of water weer terug beweeg)

Questions & Answers

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Source:  OpenStax, Tegnologie graad 6. OpenStax CNX. Sep 07, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11004/1.1
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