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Tegnologie

Graad 6

Stelsels en beheer: ‘n elektriese skok

Module 12

Ontdek energie

Agtergrond

Raai-raai? Wat noem ons die vermoë om te werk? Wat kan nooit geskep of vernietig word nie? Wat kan slegs van een vorm na ‘n ander oorgedra word? Dis reg!

E _______________

Die vernaamste bron van energie in die natuur is die son , deurdat dit hitte en ligenergie uitstraal. Plante gebruik hierdie lig- en warmte-energie en verander dit in chemiese energie wat hulle gebruik om te groei.

Die mens en diere benodig ook energie vir alles wat hulle doen. Ons kry ons energie deur kos te eet. Die chemiese energie wat in die kos vasgevang is, word in ons liggame verander in kinetiese (bewegings-) energie wat die spiere in ons liggame in staat stel om hul werk te verrig.

Alle voedsel wat ons eet, bevat dus energie in ‘n mindere of meerdere mate. In watter eenheid word die hoeveelheid energie wat in voedsel teenwoordig is, gemeet?

Opdrag 1

Bestudeer die etikette op blikkies of pakkies voedsel. Voltooi die volgende tabel om die energiewaarde van verskillende voedselsoorte te bepaal.

VOEDSEL HOEV. VOEDSEL, bv. 100g KILOJOULES per 100g
LU/AS 2.4

Opdrag 2

Watter voedselsoorte bevat die meeste kilojoules per 10 g/ml?

Gevolgtrekking

Voedselsoorte soos vette, olies, proteïne, suiker en stysel kan energie aan jou liggaam verskaf. Suiker en stysels (koolhidrate) verskaf meer en vinniger energie aan jou liggaam. As jy nie genoeg oefening kry nie en dus nie van hierdie energie ontslae raak nie, word die energie in die vorm van vet in jou liggaam gestoor.

LU/AS 2.4

Opdrag 3

Waarom eet ‘n atleet wat aan byvoorbeeld ‘n marathon soos die Comrades deelneem, pasta voor die marathon?

LU/AS 2.4

Voedsel gee vir ons energie om werk te kan verrig. Net so het masjiene ook energie nodig om te werk.

Daar is baie verskillende soorte energie, naamlik:

Chemiese energie ‘n Voorwerp het die vermoë om energie te toon as gevolg van sy chemiese samestelling.
Potensiële energie Enige voorwerp wat nie op die aarde se oppervlak is nie, het die potensiaal om weer na die aarde toe terug te val as gevolg van die aarde se aantrekkingskrag.
Kinetiese energie (bewegings) Die energie wat ‘n bewegende voorwerp het.
Warmte-energie Die vermoë van ‘n voorwerp om warmte uit te straal.
Lig-energie Die vermoë van ‘n voorwerp om lig uit te straal.
Elektriese energie Die vermoë van ’n voorwerp om elektrisiteit te gelei.
Klank-energie Die vermoë van ‘n voorwerp om klank voort te bring.

Daar vind gedurig oordrag van energie plaas binne ‘n voorwerp. Ons noem dit energie-omsetting.

Opdrag 4

Noem ‘n voorbeeld waar die volgende energie-omsetting plaasvind. Kies uit die volgende moontlikhede (‘n stoof, ‘n hoëtroustel, ‘n gloeilamp, ‘n bal aan ‘n rek, ‘n elektriese trein, ‘n motorbattery).

  1. elektriese energie na klank-energie
  2. elektriese energie na warmte-energie
  3. potensiële energie na kinetiese energie
  4. elektriese energie na lig-energie
  5. elektriese energie na kinetiese energie
  6. chemiese energie na elektriese energie
LU/AS 2.4

In hierdie module gaan ons spesifiek kyk na elektriese energie. Elektrisiteit is baie nuttig, want dit is ‘n tipe energie wat maklik omgesit kan word in ander vorms van energie. Dit besoedel of beskadig nie die omgewing nie en kan veilig en maklik gestoor word.

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Source:  OpenStax, Tegnologie graad 6. OpenStax CNX. Sep 07, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11004/1.1
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