This module provides an introduction to yellow fever, including its symptoms, treatment and quarantine, and major outbreaks in the Americas.
Introduction to yellow fever
Yellow fever is an infectious disease transmitted to humans from monkeys through the bite of infected
Aedesaegypti mosquitoes. This disease cannot be transmitted from person to person. Once a person contracts this virus, they have 5-25% chance of becoming ill, depending on the strength of each individual’s immune system. Yellow fever was known as yellow jack, saffron scourge, sylvatic yellow fever, urban yellow fever,
vómito negro (black vomit-
vómito prieto ), totaling more than 150 names.
Yellow fever patient’s clinical chart
This
clinical chart tracks Charles Raymond, yellow fever patient’s health progress, his pulse and temperature were recorded over a period of several days until he was discharged. He was treated by Dr. Paul Osterhaut in Bocas del Toro, Panama
Symptoms
Yellow fever presents itself through a variety of symptoms including chills, fever, weakness, nausea, decreased urination, delirium, muscle and lower back aches, irritability, and restlessness, seizures, vomiting, and can lead to a coma. Symptoms usually occur 3-6 days after infection; the fever lasts between 3-4 days and is followed by remission and a second febrile phase, which is the most dangerous, affecting internal organs such as liver and kidneys, causing jaundice and hemorrhages in the digestive tract. This in turn causes the yellow coloration of the skin and white of the eyes and of vomiting a black substance.
The symptoms of a yellow fever patient
This
chart tracks Vaughan Philpott’s health progress from the first to the sixth day of his treatment for yellow fever starting on February 15, 1906 in Bocas del Toro, Panama. The patient was pronounced dead on the sixth day by Dr. Paul Osterhaut.
Treatment and quarantine
During the 19th century, it was a common belief that the firing of a cannon disrupted air particles, creating large amounts of air turbulence that could destroy the unknown agent that caused yellow fever. Along with this procedure, a common treatment for yellow fever was fumigation and burning sulfur in the patients’ room. This treatment actually caused patients to cough consistently and even choke because of the sulfuric fumes. Following the smoking of sulfur, the physician continued treatment by using a lancet to bleed the patient so rapidly they usually fainted. This treatment was known as “syncopal bleeding”. Afterward, the patient was encouraged to take large doses of calomel, which is toxic and causes people to salivate continuously and suffer from uncontrollable diarrhea. Alongside the toxic calomel, the patients were given cinchona bark, an anti-malarial agent, which actually caused intense stomach irritation and bouts of vomiting. To reduce this harsh effect, doctors applied poultices to the skin on the abdominal area which oftentimes caused blistering of the skin (VanItallie 329). Following this harsh treatment, patients’ temperature oftentimes returned to normal for a few days during remission and later rose again during the third phase. The patients soon began suffering from jaundice and vomited a black substance resembling ground coffee. They also bled from the mouth, nose, and eyes, due to the inflammation of the liver. After this level of illness, the patient usually fell into a coma, often resulting in death. The harsh treatments were replaced with more soothing procedures towards the end of the 19th century. New remedies consisted of hot mustard foot baths, bed rest, crushed ice and lemonade, cool sponging, and gentle nursing care (VanItallie 332).
Questions & Answers
A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
Adjei
please, I'm a physics student and I need help in physics
Adjanou
chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
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Source:
OpenStax, Yellow fever: medicine in the western hemisphere. OpenStax CNX. Oct 11, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11312/1.4
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