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Suppose a consumer group suspects that the proportion of households that have three cell phones is 30%. A cell phone company has reason to believe that the proportion is 30%. Before they start a big advertising campaign, they conduct a hypothesis test. Their marketing people survey 150 households with theresult that 43 of the households have three cell phones.
Set up the Hypothesis Test:
: :
Determine the distribution needed:
The random variable is = proportion of households that have three cell phones.
The distribution for the hypothesis test is ~
The value that helps determine the p-value is . Calculate .
where is the number of successes and is the total number in the sample.
,
p' =
What is a success for this problem?
A success is having three cell phones in a household.
What is the level of significance?
The level of significance is the preset . Since is not given, assume that .
Draw the graph for this problem. Draw the horizontal axis. Label and shade appropriately.
Calculate the p-value.
p-value = 0.7216
Make a decision. _____________(Reject/Do not reject) because____________.
Assuming that = 0.05, . The Decision is do not reject because there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportion of households that have three cell phones is not 30%.
The next example is a poem written by a statistics student named Nicole Hart. The solution to the problem follows the poem. Notice that the hypothesis test is for a singlepopulation proportion. This means that the null and alternate hypotheses use theparameter . The distribution for the test is normal. The estimated proportion is the proportion of fleas killed to the total fleas found on Fido. This is sample information.The problem gives a preconceived , for comparison, and a 95% confidence interval computation. The poem is clever and humorous, so please enjoy it!
My dog has so many fleas,
They do not come off with ease.As for shampoo, I have tried many types
Even one called Bubble Hype,Which only killed 25% of the fleas,
Unfortunately I was not pleased.I've used all kinds of soap,
Until I had give up hopeUntil one day I saw
An ad that put me in awe.A shampoo used for dogs
Called GOOD ENOUGH to Clean a HogGuaranteed to kill more fleas.
I gave Fido a bathAnd after doing the math
His number of fleasStarted dropping by 3's!
Before his shampooI counted 42.
At the end of his bath,I redid the math
And the new shampoo had killed 17 fleas.So now I was pleased.
Now it is time for you to have some funWith the level of significance being .01,
You must help me figure outUse the new shampoo or go without?
Set up the Hypothesis Test:
: :
Determine the distribution needed:
In words, CLEARLY state what your random variable or represents.
= The proportion of fleas that are killed by the new shampoo
State the distribution to use for the test.
Normal:
Test Statistic:
Calculate the p-value using the normal distribution for proportions:
In 1 – 2 complete sentences, explain what the p-value means for this problem.
If the null hypothesis is true (the proportion is 0.25), then there is a 0.0103 probability that the sample (estimated) proportion is 0.4048 or more.
Use the previous information to sketch a picture of this situation. CLEARLY, label and scale the horizontal axis and shade the region(s) corresponding to the p-value.
Compare and the p-value:
Indicate the correct decision (“reject” or “do not reject” the null hypothesis), the reason for it, and write an appropriate conclusion, using COMPLETE SENTENCES.
| alpha | decision | reason for decision |
|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | Do not reject |
Conclusion: At the 1% level of significance, the sample data do not show sufficient evidence that the percentage of fleas that are killed by the new shampoo is more than 25%.
Construct a 95% Confidence Interval for the true mean or proportion. Include a sketch of the graph of the situation. Label the point estimate and the lower and upper bounds of the Confidence Interval.
Confidence Interval: We are 95% confident that the true population proportion of fleas that are killed by the new shampoo is between 26% and 55%.
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