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Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis

Graad 9

Sa vanaf 1948 tot 2000: nasionalisme

Module 6

Reaksies op die gebeure by sharpeville, 1960

Reaksies op die gebeure by Sharpeville, 1960

[LU 1, 2, 3]

BRON A

Stadsgebied naby Vereeniging in die Suid-Transvaal, waar die polisie op 2 Maart 1920 paniekbevange geraak en op ’n skare Pan-African Congress (PAC) anti-pas-betogers geskiet het. 69 Swartmense is gedood en 180 gewond. Die slagting is wêreldwyd veroordeel. “n Week later is die PAC en ANC verban en ’n noodtoestand afgekondig. Die krisis het gelei tot ’n uitvloei van kapitaal en vaardigheid, en tot groter internasionale druk op Suid-Afrika om sy apartheids­beleid te verander, maar na slegs ’n oomblik van twyfel, het die regering op dieselfde pad voortgegaan. Sharpeville bly steeds ’n simbool van apartheid se brute geweld.

(C.C. Sanders: An Illustrated Dictionary of South African History, 1994 )

BRON B: Die Regering se antwoord in die Parlement

Dr. Verwoerd het besonderhede oor die opstande aan die Parlement verskaf. Hy het gesê dat ongeveer 2 000 Afrikane betoog het, deur huise binne te storm en met geweld mense se identiteitsboeke te verwyder.

Die skare het geleidelik aangegroei totdat daar ongeveer 20 000 was. Telefoon­drade is gesny en oproer het plaasgevind. Die polisie moes begin skiet en 25 mense is gedood en 50 gewond. Dr. Verwoerd het gesê dat hierdie feite en getalle voorlopig was.

( Aangehaal uit : Cape Times, Dinsdag, 22 Maart 1960 )

BRON C: Sekondêre Bron – 500 jaar, CFJ Muller (1987)

Volgens Robert Sobukwe sou dit slegs die begin wees van ’n versetveldtog, wat sodanig in geweld sou groei, dat die PAC binne drie jaar die land sou kon oorneem.

In opdrag van die PAC het groepe Afrikane in verskillende dele van die land hulle passe op 21 Maart 1960 verbrand en daarna na die naaste polisiestasie opgeruk en geeïs om in hegtenis geneem te word. In die meeste woongebiede was die protesveldtog vreedsaam en die polisie het óf die Afrikane wat daaraan deelgeneem het gearresteer, óf hulle beveel om weg te gaan. In Sharpeville naby Vereeniging en in Langa naby Kaapstad het die protesveldtog egter tot bloedvergieting gelei. In Sharpeville het ongeveer 10 000 Afrikane om die polisiekantoor saamgedring. Die polisie het bedreig gevoel en met masjiengewere losgebrand. Die skare het uiteengespat. In die skietery is 69 gedood en 198 gewond. Volgens die lykskouing is die meeste van die mense wat aan koeëlwonde beswyk het, in die rug geskiet, d.w.s. nadat hulle alreeds op die vlug geslaan het..

BRON D

’n Verklaring deur mnr. Van Rhyn, Suid-Afrikaanse Hoë Kommissaris in Londen, na die skietery (Shooting in Sharpeville: The Agony of South Africa, Gollancz, London)

Volgens feitelike inligting tans beskikbaar, het Maandag se onluste te Sharpe­ville gespruit uit ’n beplande betoging van ongeveer 20 000 naturelle, waar­tydens betogers die polisie met ’n verskeidenheid van wapens, insluitend vuur­wapens, aangeval het. Die betogers het eerste begin skiet en die polisie was uit selfverdediging verplig om terug te vuur en sodoende nog tragieser gevolge te verhoed. Die bewerings van die VVO se Afro-Asiatiese groepe, waarin hulle ’n vergadering van die Veiligheidsraad aanvra, en sê dat die betogings ongewapen en vreedsaam was, is dus heeltemal onwaar…

Questions & Answers

the definition for anatomy and physiology
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Louisiaste
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Mark
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Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
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Shu Reply
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Shu
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Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
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faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
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Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
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is the fundamental units of Life
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Innocent
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Source:  OpenStax, Geskiedenis graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 14, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11062/1.1
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