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Wiskunde

Graad 4

Heelgetalle en hul verwantskappe

Module 2

Plekwaardes van syfers in heelgetalle

Aktiwiteit 1:

  • Om plekwaardes van syfers in heelgetalle te herken [LU 1.4]
  • Om heelgetalle te herken en voor te stel deur hulle beskryf en te vergelyk [LU 1.3.1]

DIE MODERNE GETALLESTELSEL: DIE DESIMALE STELSEL

  • Noudat ons mondelinge tel-oefeninge en hoofrekene gedoen het, gaan ons kyk na die betekenis van ons getallestelsel.
  • Kom ons kyk wat Jannie oor Susie vertel. Dit klink vreemd, nie waar nie?
  • 1+1 is nie elf nie! Maar miskien moet ons na Romeinse syfers kyk: I +I = II. Dan sal dit reg wees. II is hoe die Romeine 2 geskryf het. In AKTIWITEIT 5 sal ons meer oor Romeinse syfers leer.

1. Laat ons na ‘n groter getal kyk. Wat presies beteken die getal 1 111, en hoekom? Probeer om die betekenis neer te skryf:

Dalk kan ons sê dat dit die volgende beteken:

2. Watter getal dink jy word in hierdie diagram voorgestel? Skryf jou antwoord neer in die blokkie onder die diagram.

  • Ons desimale stelsel maak gebruik van groepe van los ene (eenhede), tiene, honderde, duisende en tienduisende. Ons kan tot nege aparte blokke hê. Sodra ons nog 'n blok bykry, sê ons dat ons tien blokke / 10 het, d.w.s. een groep van tien en niks wat los oorbly nie. In die leë blok sit ons ‘n “0” om te sê daar is niks wat oorbly nie. Met blokke lyk dit dan so:
  • Omdat ons nie altyd blokke kan teken nie, gebruik ons die POSISIE van die syfers om te sê hoeveel in daardie groep is. Daarom praat ons van plekwaardes:
DUISENDE HONDERDE TIENE ENE
1 000 100 10 1
10 x 10 x 10 10 x 10 10 1

Hersiening: ons desimale stelsel

In ons getallestelsel maak ons gebruik van nege simbole en “0”. Ons gebruik die simbole, 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9 en 0 om enige en al die getalle wat ons nodig het te skryf. Ons maak gebruik van die posisie van die syfer soos dit in die getal is om sy waarde aan te dui. In die getal 2 768 beteken die 7 eintlik 700 as gevolg van waar dit in die getal staan .

Indien daar geen duisende is nie (of syfers in die ander kolomme nie) gebruik ons die 0 om die plek te hou.

Let wel: Ons kan nie die 0 weglaat nie . As ons die 0 weglaat, sal die waarde van die hele getal verander (bv.: 10 291 sal 1 291 word). Die 0 is dus besonder belangrik.

  1. Skryf elkeen van die getalle hieronder in UITGEBREIDE NOTASIE. Die een bo-aan die lys lyk so: 2 768 = 2 000 + 700 + 60 + 8

Voltooi nou die volgende:

2 768 = 2 000 + 700 + 60 + 8
7 834 =...............................................................................................................................
2 056 =
8 503 =
1 940 =
16 473 =
25 809 =

Let wel:

Wanneer ons ‘n groot getal skryf , laat ons ‘n spasie tussen die duisende en die honderde. Dit maak die lees van die getal makliker. Sleutel 10 403 op jou sakrekenaar in. Die sakrekenaar los nie hierdie spasie nie. Jy sal agterkom dat dit nie so maklik is om die getal te lees wanneer die spasie tussen die duisende en die honderde nie daar is nie. Wanneer jy self groot getalle neerskryf, moet jy seker maak dat jy die spasie in die korrekte plek laat.

DIE MAAK VAN GETALLE EN OM HULLE IN DIE KORREKTE ORDE TE RANGSKIK

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 4. OpenStax CNX. Sep 18, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11100/1.1
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