10.1 The trig functions and 2-d problems  (Page 2/2)

These values are useful when asked to solve a problem involving trig functions without using a calculator.

Each of the trigonometric functions has a reciprocal that has a special name. The three reciprocals are cosecant (or cosec), secant (or sec) and cotangent (or cot). These reciprocals are given below:

We can also define these reciprocals for any right angled triangle:

Find the length of x in the following triangle.

1. Identify the trig identity that you need

   In this case you have an angle ( ${50}^{\circ }$ ), the opposite side and the hypotenuse.

   So you should use $sin$

   $$sin{50}^{\circ }=\frac{x}{100}$$
2. Rearrange the question to solve for $x$
   $$\Rightarrow x=100\times sin{50}^{\circ }$$
3. Use your calculator to find the answer

   Use the sin button on your calculator

   $$\Rightarrow x=76.6\mathrm{m}$$

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Find the value of $\theta$ in the following triangle.

1. Identify the trig identity that you need

   In this case you have the opposite side and the hypotenuse to the angle $\theta$ .

   So you should use $tan$

   $$tan\theta =\frac{50}{100}$$
2. Calculate the fraction as a decimal number
   $$tan\theta =0.5$$
3. Use your calculator to find the angle

   Since you are finding the angle ,

   use ${tan}^{-1}$ on your calculator

   Don't forget to set your calculator to `deg' mode!

   $$\theta =26.6^{\circ }$$

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In the previous example we used ${\tan }^{-1}$ . This is simply the inverse of the tan function. Sin and cos also have inverses. All this means is that we want to find the angle that makes the expression true and so we must move the tan (or sin or cos) to the other side of the equals sign and leave the angle where it is. Sometimes the reciprocal trigonometric functions are also referred to as the 'inverse trigonometric functions'. You should note, however that ${\tan }^{-1}$ and $\cot$ are definitely NOT the same thing.

The following videos provide a summary of what you have learnt so far.

Finding lengths

Find the length of the sides marked with letters. Give answers correct to 2 decimal places.

Two-dimensional problems

We can use the trig functions to solve problems in two dimensions that involve right angled triangles. For example if you are given a quadrilateral and asked to find the one of the angles, you can construct a right angled triangle and use the trig functions to solve for the angle. This will become clearer after working through the following example.