|
Prof.John GabrieliNeuroscientist
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
USA
|
1.1 What is psychology? Read Online
1.2 History of psychology Read Online
Clive Wearing is an accomplished musician who lost his ability to form new memories when he became sick at the age of 46. While he can remember how to play the piano perfectly, he cannot remember what he ate for breakfast just an hour ago (Sacks, 2007). James Wannerton experiences a taste sensation that is associated with the sound of words. His former girlfriend’s name tastes like rhubarb (Mundasad, 2013). John Nash is a brilliant mathematician and Nobel Prize winner. However, while he was a professor at MIT, he would tell people that the New York Times contained coded messages from extraterrestrial beings that were intended for him. He also began to hear voices and became suspicious of the people around him. Soon thereafter, Nash was diagnosed with schizophrenia and admitted to a state-run mental institution (O’Connor&Robertson, 2002). Nash was the subject of the 2001 movie A Beautiful Mind . Why did these people have these experiences? How does the human brain work? And what is the connection between the brain’s internal processes and people’s external behaviors? This textbook will introduce you to various ways that the field of psychology has explored these questions.
American Board of Forensic Psychology. (2014). Brochure . Retrieved from http://www.abfp.com/brochure.asp
American Psychological Association. (2014). Retrieved from www.apa.org
American Psychological Association. (2014). Graduate training and career possibilities in exercise and sport psychology. Retrieved from http://www.apadivisions.org/division-47/about/resources/training.aspx?item=1
American Psychological Association. (2011). Psychology as a career. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/education/undergrad/psych-career.aspx
Ashliman, D. L. (2001). Cupid and Psyche. In Folktexts: A library of folktales, folklore, fairy tales, and mythology. Retrieved from http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/cupid.html
Betancourt, H.,&López, S. R. (1993). The study of culture, ethnicity, and race in American psychology. American Psychologist , 48 , 629–637.
Black, S. R., Spence, S. A.,&Omari, S. R. (2004). Contributions of African Americans to the field of psychology. Journal of Black Studies , 35 , 40–64.
Bulfinch, T. (1855). The age of fable: Or, stories of gods and heroes . Boston, MA: Chase, Nichols and Hill.
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 12 , 1–49.
Download MCQ Exam PDF eBook
|
|
Prof.John GabrieliNeuroscientist
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
USA
|
Question: In one study (from Woodward, 1998), 3-month olds and 6-month olds repeatedly saw a person reach for an object (ball) on the left and not reach for a teddy bear on the right. Then, they saw a display in which the teddy bear was on the left, and the ball on the right. The person either reached for the teddy bear on the left (same action, new object) or the ball on the right (same object, new action). Looking time was used as a measure to infer how the 3-month olds and 6-month olds interpreted the relation between the initial habituation phase and the subsequent changed test phases. The results indicated
Choices:
both 3-month olds and 6-month olds looked longer when the person grabbed a new object than when the person made a new action
both 3-month olds and 6-month olds looked longer when the person made a new action than when the person grabbed a new object
3-month olds looked longer when the person made a new action, but 6- month olds looked longer when the person grabbed a new object
6-month olds looked longer when the person made a new action, but 3- month olds looked longer when the person grabbed a new object
Question: What factor has been shown in experiments to increase the willingness for a bystander to help somebody?
Choices:
the personality factor of extraversion
the presence of other, unknown experimental subjects
recent consideration of the importance of helping others
being alone
Question: Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed that activation in the frontal lobes is more _________ in older relative to younger people and that this change in older adults is associated with ________ cognitive aging.
Choices:
asymmetric; successful
symmetric; unsuccessful
asymmetric; unsuccessful
symmetric; successful
Question: Neurogenesis in humans occurs dramatically in utero, but in adulthood it ________ .
Choices:
does not occur
occurs only in frontal-lobe neocortex
occurs in all regions of the brain
occurs in the dentate region of the hippocampus
Question: Which brain region is activated (1) in response to both physical pain and the social pain of exclusion and which brain region (2) shows a relation between volume and risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Choices:
(1) hippocampus; (2) amygdala
(1) amygdala; (2) cingulate cortex
(1) cingulate cortex; (2) hippocampus
(1) cingulate cortex; (2) amygdala
Question: What Piagetian developmental gain in thinking has been associated specifically with increased blood flow to the frontal lobes?
Choices:
egocentric perspective
conservation of mass
theory of mind
object permanence
Question: From age 16 to young adulthood (age 22), grey matter volume in frontal and temporal cortical regions _______ and white matter volume ________ .
Choices:
decreases; increases
is constant; decreases
increases; is constant
increases; decreases
Question: Adult development can be studied cross-sectionally or longitudinally. All of the following are true for cross-sectional designs relative to longitudinal designs EXCEPT for which answer?
Choices:
Cross-sectional designs take less time to accomplish
Cross-sectional designs are less likely to be confounded by practice effects
Cross-sectional designs are less likely to be confounded by cohort effects
Cross-sectional designs are less likely to be confounded by selective attrition
Question: The attribution of behavior to situations
Choices:
is greater in collectivist than individualistic cultures, and is deliberative rather than spontaneous
is greater in individualistic than collectivist cultures, and is deliberative rather than spontaneous
is greater in individualistic than collectivist cultures, and is spontaneous rather than deliberative
is greater in collectivist than individualistic cultures, and is spontaneous rather than deliberative
Question: Adaptive physiological changes that occur in response to acute stress include all of the below EXCEPT
Choices:
suppression of digestion
suppression of cardiovascular tone
suppression of immune system
suppression of growth
Question: In Milgram.s studies of obedience (shocks and learning), which factors did NOT influence the likelihood that subjects would administer shocks to the highest possible level?
Choices:
the sex of the subject
if experiment was at university or office building
if the researcher gave no commands once the experiment started
if there was an ordinary person (not a scientist) in charge
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
