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Given a vector with initial point and terminal point write the vector in terms of and
Begin by writing the general form of the vector. Then replace the coordinates with the given values.
Given initial point and terminal point write the vector in terms of and
Begin by writing the general form of the vector. Then replace the coordinates with the given values.
Write the vector with initial point and terminal point in terms of and
When vectors are written in terms of and we can carry out addition, subtraction, and scalar multiplication by performing operations on corresponding components.
Given v = a i + b j and u = c i + d j , then
Find the sum of and
According to the formula, we have
We have seen how to draw vectors according to their initial and terminal points and how to find the position vector. We have also examined notation for vectors drawn specifically in the Cartesian coordinate plane using For any of these vectors, we can calculate the magnitude. Now, we want to combine the key points, and look further at the ideas of magnitude and direction.
Calculating direction follows the same straightforward process we used for polar coordinates. We find the direction of the vector by finding the angle to the horizontal. We do this by using the basic trigonometric identities, but with replacing
Given a position vector and a direction angle
Thus, and magnitude is expressed as
Write a vector with length 7 at an angle of 135° to the positive x -axis in terms of magnitude and direction.
Using the conversion formulas and we find that
This vector can be written as or simplified as
A vector travels from the origin to the point Write the vector in terms of magnitude and direction.
Magnitude =
As we discussed earlier in the section, scalar multiplication involves multiplying a vector by a scalar, and the result is a vector. As we have seen, multiplying a vector by a number is called scalar multiplication. If we multiply a vector by a vector, there are two possibilities: the dot product and the cross product . We will only examine the dot product here; you may encounter the cross product in more advanced mathematics courses.
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