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1.1 An introduction to the human body Read Online
1.2 The chemical level of organization Read Online
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Though you may approach a course in anatomy and physiology strictly as a requirement for your field of study, the knowledge you gain in this course will serve you well in many aspects of your life. An understanding of anatomy and physiology is not only fundamental to any career in the health professions, but it can also benefit your own health. Familiarity with the human body can help you make healthful choices and prompt you to take appropriate action when signs of illness arise. Your knowledge in this field will help you understand news about nutrition, medications, medical devices, and procedures and help you understand genetic or infectious diseases. At some point, everyone will have a problem with some aspect of his or her body and your knowledge can help you to be a better parent, spouse, partner, friend, colleague, or caregiver.
This chapter begins with an overview of anatomy and physiology and a preview of the body regions and functions. It then covers the characteristics of life and how the body works to maintain stable conditions. It introduces a set of standard terms for body structures and for planes and positions in the body that will serve as a foundation for more comprehensive information covered later in the text. It ends with examples of medical imaging used to see inside the living body.
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Question: Amitraz is an alpha 2 agonist of the CNS which results in sedation. Which drug would be used to treat Amitraz poisoning?
Choices:
atropine sulfate
yohimbine
2- PAM
atipamezole
Both yohimbine and atipamezole
Question: The most appropriate treatment for Pyrethrin and Pyrethroid toxicity is bathing animal Flea/tick pet shampoo. True/false
Choices:
True
False
Question: Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids?
Choices:
Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids are rapidly hydrolyzed and metabolized with majority eliminated 12-24hrs.
Inhalation exposure of Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids is low
Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids are hydrophilic in nature and do not distribute in fat or nervous tissue
Mammalian Na+ channels are 1000x more sensitive than the insect counterpart
Cats do not have adverse reactions to Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids because they are a more intelligent species and know not to lick this product off a dog.
Question: Which of the following is considered treatment for organophosphate but cannot be used for carbamate poisoning?
Choices:
Atropine Sulfate (muscarinic antag)
2 - PAM
Gastric Lavage
activated charcoal
All can be sued to treat both organophosphates and carbamate poisoning
Question: Which of the following pesticides is toxic to herding breeds with a mutation in the ABCB1 transporter?
Choices:
Ivermectin
Imidacloprid
Rotenone
Fipronil
Pyrethrin
Question: Which of the following statements regarding organochlorines is FALSE?
Choices:
Toxicity is neurological
Organochlorines are highly persistent and bioaccumulate
Chronic organochlorine exposure can lead to eggshell thinning and reduced fertility in birds
Mechanism of action is either by inhibition of Na+ influx and K + efflux or inhibiting GABA receptors
Organochlorines are highly volatile and exposure is most likely via inhalation
Question: What is the mechanism of action of Fipronil (Frontline)?
Choices:
Fipronil inhibits the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ which leads to an energy deficiency in cells.
Fipronil binds to the membrane lipid phase near the Na+ channel.
Fipronil inhibits Na+ influx and K efflux
Fipronil noncompetitively binds GABA receptors and blocks Cl- influx
Fipronil is an AchE inhibitor
Question: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is the mechanism of action of which pesticide?
Choices:
Organochlorines
Pyrethrins
Organophosphates
Rotenone
Fipronil
Question: What is the specific antidote for organochlorine exposure?
Choices:
Atropine sulfate
2- PAM
Methylene Blue
Physostigmine
There is no specific treatment for organochlorines
Question: Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) by organophosphates is reversible. True /False
Choices:
True
False
Question: Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) by carbamates is considered reversible . True/False
Choices:
True
False
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