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Inleiding

Die doel van hierdie hoofstuk is om van die meetkundige en trigonometriese beginsels, wat jy in die verlede teëgekom het, te hersien. Jy moet gemaklik wees met die werk wat behandel word in dié hoofstuk voor jy die Graad 10 Meetkunde Hoofstuk of die Graad 10 Trigonometrie Hoofstuk aanpak. Die hoofstuk hersien die volgende:

  1. Terminologie: vierhoeke, hoekpunte, sye, hoeke, parallele lyne, loodregte lyne, hoeklyne, halveerlyne en snylyne
  2. Ooreenstemmings en verskille tussen driehoeke en vierhoeke
  3. Eienskappe van driehoeke en vierhoeke
  4. Kongruensie
  5. Onderskeid tussen skerphoeke, regte hoeke, stomphoeke, reguitlyne en 'n volle omwenteling
  6. Pythagoras se Teorie, wat gebruik word om die sye van reghoekige driehoeke se lengtes te bereken

Punte en lyne

Die twee eenvoudigste elemente in meetkunde is punte en lyne .

ʼn Punt is ʼn koördinaat wat ʼn posisie in ruimte aandui (óf op ʼn getallelyn, óf in ʼn vlak óf in ʼn drie- of meerdimensionele ruimte) en word voorgestel deur ʼn dot. Punte word gewoonlik aangedui met ʼn hoofletter. ʼn Paar voorbeelde van hoe punte aangedui word, kan gesien word in [link] .

ʼn Lyn is ʼn stel kontinue koördinate in ʼn ruimte en kan gesien word as baie punte wat langs mekaar is. Lyne kan reguit of geboë wees, maar is altyd kontinu en dus is daar geen onderbrekings in lyne nie. Die eindpunte van lynstukke word met hoofletters aangedui. Voorbeelde van twee lyne word in [link] aangetoon.

Voorbeelde van ʼn paar punte (aangedui deur P , Q , R en S ) en ʼn paar lyne (aangedui deur B C en D E )

ʼn Lyn word aangedui deur ʼn beginpunt en ʼn eindpunt. Ons noem ʼn lyn wat begin by punt A en eindig by punt B , A B . Aangsien die lyn van punt B tot punt A dieselfde is as as die lyn van punt A tot die punt B , kan ons sê dat A B = B A .

Die lengte tussen die punte A en B is A B . Dus as ons sê A B = C D word dit bedoel dat die lengte van die lynstuk tussen A en B gelyk is aan die lengte tussen C en D .

ʼn Lyn word gemeet in eenhede van lengte . ʼn Paar voorbeelde van algemene eenhede van lengte word gelys in [link] .

’n Paar algemene eenhede van lengte en hul afkortings
Eenheid van lengte Afkorting
kilometer km
meter m
sentimeter cm
millimeter mm

Hoeke

ʼn Hoek word gevorm as twee lyne in ʼn gemeenskaplike punt ontmoet. Die punt waar twee lyne ontmoet staan bekend as die hoekpunt . Hoeke word aangedui deur ʼn ^ (kappie) bo 'n letter te plaas. Byvoorbeeld, in [link] is daar 'n hoek by B ^ . Hoeke kan ook aangedui word met behulp van die lyn segmente waaruit die hoek bestaan. Byvoorbeeld, in [link] word die hoek gevorm waar die lynsegmente C B en B A mekaar ontmoet. Die hoek kan dus aangedui word deur C B A of A B C . Die simbool dui 'n hoek in meetkunde aan.

Hoeke word gemeet in grade wat aangedui word deur die simbool (byvoorbeeld, 60 ).

Hoeke kan ook gemeet word in radiale. In die hoërskool sal ons slegs grade gebruik, maar in wiskunde op universiteitsvlak sal jy definitief weer radiale teëkom.

Hoek aangedui deur B ^ , C B A of A B C
Voorbeelde van hoeke. A ^ = E ^ , al is die lyne wat die verskillende hoeke vorm van verskillende lengtes

Meting van hoeke

Die grootte van ʼn hoek is onafhanklik van die lengtes van die twee sye wat die hoek onderspan. Dit hang slegs af van hoe die twee lyne relatief tot mekaar geplaas word, soos aangedui in [link] . ʼn Hoek vorm wanneer daar geroteer word om ʼn hoekpunt.

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
Aislinn Reply
cm
tijani
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Siyaka Reply
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Jude Reply
Can you compute that for me. Ty
Jude
what is the dimension formula of energy?
David Reply
what is viscosity?
David
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emma Reply
what is chemistry
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what is inorganic
emma
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
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Adjanou
chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
Krampah Reply
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
Sahid Reply
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
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Maurice
answer
Magreth
progressive wave
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Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
yasuo Reply
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Source:  OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: wiskunde (graad 10) [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Aug 04, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11328/1.4
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