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Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis

Graad 8

Veranderende idees en tegnologieë: eerste wêreldoorlog

Module 11

Oorsake van die eerste wêreldoorlog

Om gebiedsuitbreiding en mag as ’n oorsaak van die Eerste Wêreldoorlog te kan bespreek

LU 1.1 LU 1.2 LU 1.4 LU 1.5 LU 2.2

LEESSTUK 1

In 1877 het die Russiese Tsaar, Alexander II, oorlog verklaar teen Turkye. Na ’n jaar van hewige gevegte is die Turke verslaan. In die vredesverdrag van 1878, die Verdrag van San Stefano, is die nuwe staat, Bulgarye, geskep wat die grootste gedeelte van die Balkan ingesluit het.

Die Rykskanselier van Duitsland, Bismarck, was ’n vredemaker wat hard daaraan gewerk het om vredesverdrae tussen moondhede tot stand te bring. Sy Dreikaiserbund (Verbond tussen drie keisers) tussen Duitsland (Wilhelm I), Oostenryk-Hongarye (Frans Josef) en Rusland (Alexander II) van 1872 was in gevaar omdat Oostenryk-Hongarye ontsteld was oor die mag wat Rusland na die Verdrag van San Stefano in die Balkan gekry het. Hierdie ryke het nog ’n outokratiese regeringsvorm soos die Turke, nagestreef. Let daarop dat die Russe deur ’n tsaar en die Turke deur ’n sultan regeer is.

Bismarck het toe die groot moondhede versoek om in Berlyn te vergader om elkeen se aanspraak op die Balkan te stel, sodat ’n vreedsame oplossing bereik kon word. Duitsland was self nie betrokke in die Balkan nie, en kon dus as arbiter optree. Op die Kongres van Berlyn is daar toe besluit om Bulgarye as ’n aansienlik kleiner, onafhanklike staat te erken. Die Bulgare sou belasting betaal aan die Sultan van Turkye. Twee van sy vorige provinsies, Bosnië en Herzegowina, is nou bestuur deur Oostenryk-Hongarye. Rusland het Bes-sarabië, wat aan hom grens, gekry in ’n poging om hom te paai.

Disraeli, die Britse Eerste Minister, het verwys na die onderhandelinge by die Kongres van Berlyn as "vrede met eer", maar hierdie vrede het nie lank gehou nie. Alhoewel Oostenryk-Hongarye se mag in die Balkan deur hierdie verdrag verseker is, het die Serwiese nasionaliste se haat teenoor die Oostenryk-Hongare gegroei. Die Russe was ook ontevrede omdat hul gebiedsuitbreiding gestop is.

Nasionalisme, as ’n politieke mag, het nie net die Eerste Wêreldoorlog verhaas nie,maar ook die outokratiese regerings van Duitsland, Oostenryk-Hongarye, Turkye en Rusland laat verbrokkel.

BRON A Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (HAT)

belasting : verpligte betaling aan die staat of ander regeringsliggame om noodsaaklike landsdienste te verskaf

landsdiens : diens gelewer in belang van die land

  • Voltooi:

1. Bron A word ’n bron genoem. /1/

2. Ek kan my antwoord by nr. 1 so motiveer:

/2/

3. Voorbeelde van landsdiens is die lewering van:

/2/

4. My ouer/voog se opinie oor belasting is dat dit: noodsaaklik/onnodig is omdat

/2/

5. Ek dink die Bulgare wou nie aan die /1/

belasting betaal nie, omdat /2/

/ 10 /

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  • Die volgende bron is geskep deur ’n leerder. Bismarck is besig om ’n groot wêreldlegkaart te pak. Hy besluit self waar hy watter grondgebied wil aanlas.

Opdrag:

  • MAAK JOU EIE LEGKAART

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Source:  OpenStax, Geskiedenis graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11043/1.1
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