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Ekonomiese en bestuurswetenskappe

Graad 7

Ekonomiese beleidsrigtings (1910 - 1994)

Module 11

Oorsig van suid-afrika se ekonomie (1910 – 1948)

Na afloop van die Tweede Vryheidsoorlog in 1902 was daar vier onafhanklike Suid-Afrikaanse provinsies: Kaapkolonie, die twee gewese Boererepublieke Transvaal en die Oranje-Vrystaat en Natal. Elkeen het sy eie parlement gehad. Hulle het in 1910 verenig as die Unie van Suid-Afrika.

a) Die bewind van die twee generaals - Botha en Smuts 1910 tot 1924

Toe die Unie van Suid-Afrika in 1910 tot stand gekom het, het die drie belangrike partye saamgesmelt en die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Party gestig. Genl. Louis Botha was die eerste minister. Die opposisiepartye het die Unioniste Party gevorm. Beide partye het dit ten doel gehad om die blanke Afrikaans- en Engelssprekendes te verenig en in een Suid-Afrikaanse nasie te laat saamsmelt.

Botha se strewe was om die Engels- en Afrikaanssprekendes te verenig. Hy het dit sy lewenstaak gemaak om die kloof tussen die twee groepe te oorbrug.

Hertzog was ‘n kampvegter vir die Afrikaner se belange.

Die voortdurende wrywing tussen Botha en Hertzog het daartoe gelei dat Hertzog sy eie party, die Nasionale Party gestig het.

b) Wie het die stemreg besit?

Enige manlike burger wat ‘n Britse onderdaan was, was stemgeregtig indien hy:

  • Sy naam, adres en beroep kon skryf.
  • Jaarliks £50 in lone verdien het, of ‘n eiendom met ‘n waarde van £75 of meer bewoon het.

Hierdie kwalifikasies het die meeste swart mans uitgeskakel al het hulle stamgrond bewoon.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om vas te stel watter persentasie van elke bevolkingsgroep van die land se bevolking uitgemaak het

[lu 2,1]

In 1910 was die bevolkingsamestelling in die Unie van Suid-Afrika soos volg:

  • Blankes – 1 278 000
  • Kleurlinge – 517 000
  • Swartmense – 3 956 000
  • Asiërs – 148 000

Watter persentasie was elke bevolkingsgroep van die totale bevolking? Vul die persentasie langs elke bevolkingsgroep in.

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om vas te stel watter persentasie van die mans van elke bevolkingsgroep stemgeregtig was

[lu 2.1]

Watter persentasie van die mans van elke bevolkingsgroep was stemgeregtig? Vul die persentasie langs elke bevolkingsgroep in.

  • Blanke mans – 497 700
  • Kleurling mans – 46 200
  • Swart mans – 76 000

c) Wet op Naturellegrond (Wet op Grondbesit) 1913

Die belangrikste wet wat in hierdie tyd gemaak is, was die Naturellen Grond Wet wat in Junie 1913 op die wetboek geplaas is. Hierdie wet het aan swart mense hul eie grondgebied toegeken (reservate) en ‘n verbod op die verkoop van blanke grondgebied aan swartes en swart grondgebied aan blankes, geplaas.

Hierdie wet was die gevolg van mense se vrese en bekommernisse oor swart mense wat blanke gebiede binnegedring het. Die groot meerderheid van hierdie swartes was plakkers wat hulle op privaat- en staatsgrond gevestig het.

Dit was die eerste wet in die Unie van Suid-Afrika wat gebiedskeiding tot gevolg gehad het.

d) Die totstandkoming van die ANC

Die South African Native National Congress , die latere African National Congress (ANC), het daarop aangedring dat die wet herroep word. In Februarie 1914 het hulle ‘n afvaardiging na Londen gestuur om by die Britse regering aan te dring dat die wet ongeldig verklaar word, maar sonder sukses want die Britse regering was nie bereid om in Suid-Afrikaanse aangeleenthede betrokke te raak nie.

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Source:  OpenStax, Ekonomiese en bestuurswetenskappe graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 09, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11024/1.1
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