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Sosiale wetenskappe: aardrykskunde

Graad 7

Bevolkingsgroei en verandering

Module 7

Hoekom mense migreer

1. Hoekom migreer mense?

Vir eeue al beweeg mense van hul woonplekke af na plekke waar hulle dink beter lewensomstandighede op hul wag, behalwe in gevalle waar dit gedwonge verskuiwings is, en mense geen keuse het nie.

Permanente verhuisings word grootliks deur die volgende beïnvloed:

klimaat : (aangename temperatuur – tussen 10°C en 30°C – en gemaklike lugvogtigheid);

ekonomie: (mense gaan waar geld te maak is, al is die klimaat onaangenaam);

politieke besluite: (’n land se regering kan deur sy besluite ’n verskuiwing teweegbring).

Maar daar is ‘n verdere keuse: in die stad of op die platteland ?

Die meeste van julle woon in stede of groot dorpe! Dit is ‘n feit, want meer as die helfte van ons land is VERSTEDELIK . Dit beteken dat meer as 50% van ons land se mense in groot dorpe of stede woon.

[Sulke syfers word met sensus opnames vasgestel.]

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om vrae oor bevolkingsdigtheid en verstedeliking te bespreek

[lu 1.2]

Bevolkingsverspreidingskaarte bevestig dat die mensdom op sekere plekke gekonsentreer is. Dit is natuurlik ook waar van ons land. Eers sedert 50 jaar gelede kon ons sê dat die meeste mense in ons land in en om stede en baie groot dorpe saamgetrek is. In Suid-Afrika duur die migrasie van die platteland na die stad steeds voort.

Statistiek oor hoe vinnig verstedeliking in die verlede in Europa plaasgevind het:

1. Brittanje:

1800 – 25% van die bevolking verstedelik

1900 – 75% van die bevolking verstedelik

2000 – meer as 95%

2. Die stad Milaan in Italië:

Tussen 1951 en 1956 het die inwonertal van dié stad met 1,5 miljoen toegeneem! Nie minder nie as 70% van hierdie nuwe intrekkers was uit die platteland van Suid-Italië afkomstig. Kan jy dink waarom? Noem ‘n soortgelyke voorbeeld in Suid-Afrika.

Het jy enige idee wat die bevolking van jou dorp of stad is? Die groeplede kan raai en daaroor argumenteer en dit neerskryf. Daarna kan julle die regte inligting opspoor en jul eerste antwoorde daarmee vergelyk.

Sou jy sê dat die bevolkingsdigtheid van jou woonplek besig is om toe te neem of af te neem? Gaan meer mense weg, of trek meer mense daarheen as vroeër? Waaraan kan mens dit sien? Waarom gebeur dit? Of bly dit konstant?

Gesels met jou ouers of ander inwoners hieroor. Vra ‘n amptenaar van die stadsraad of munisipaliteit, of ‘n streeksbeplanner om hieroor te kom gesels. (Uitnodigingsbrief skakel met taal).

1.1 Hoekom verkies mense ‘n stedelike leefwyse?

Julle weet reeds dat verstedeliking ‘n wêreldwye verskynsel is. Soos die wêreldbevolking toeneem, groei die behoefte aan woonplek. Daardie woonplek word oorwegend in stede en groot dorpe geskep, want dit is waar die meeste mense wil bly. Stede en groot dorpe word dus groter en groter, terwyl kleiner dorpies meestal kwyn.

Bestudeer die grafiek en kyk waar ons land inpas. Hier word net ‘n paar lande genoem sodat julle kan vergelyk. Daar is state, eilandstate soos Singapoer en Bermuda, wat 100% verstedelik is. Monaco, die klein staatjie aan die Middellandse See, is ook 100% verstedelik. In werklikheid is dié staat ‘n stad!

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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 09, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11020/1.1
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