<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >

Table i-bills from 106th congress

In November of 1998, after Dr. Thomson announced the creation of the first human embryonic stem cell line, President Clinton asked NBAC to specifically address human embryonic stem cell research, which had not been discussed in 1997. In 1999, the NBAC recommended that federal funding should be used to support both the research and creation of human embryonic stem cells. They also suggested amending the ban on embryo research (the Dickey Amendment) to allow the derivation and use of embryonic stem cells.

However, before the results of the NBAC deliberations were announced, the National Institutes of Health (NIH)    , specifically the legal council for the DHHS, determined that federal law (the Dickey Amendment) prohibited the use of federal funds to create human embryonic stem cell lines, but they did believe that it was legal to fund research on already existing lines. Private sources were never barred from deriving their own human embryonic stem cell lines and were actively pursuing this area of research. The NIH released guidelines for the federal funding of human embryonic stem cell research for public comment in 1999, followed by an updated version in 2000 in the Federal Register . Before NIH was able to grant money in response to research proposals, a new administration (President George W. Bush) took office and the previous rulings by the DHHS and NIH were set aside.

Meanwhile in the Senate, the Specter-Harkin bill (S.2015) was introduced as the Stem Cell Research Act of 2000 . It called for the federal funding of the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells from spare donated embryos (IVF), as long as the research did not lead to "reproductive cloning of a human being.” This marked the first of many bi-partisan bills that Congress would see on this issue. The Specter-Harkin bill, like many future bills, was not passed into law.

When President Bush took office, one of his first actions was to temporarily stop all federal funding of human embryonic stem cell research (no grant had been given) while his administration considered their actions. On August 9, 2001, after several months of deliberation, President Bush announced that he would allow the federal funding of the research of human embryonic stem cells, but only those that had been derived before the date of the announcement could be used. Thus, no new embryonic stem cells could be created with federal funds, nor could federal funds be used to do research on new lines create after the August 9, 2001 deadline. NIH estimated at the time that there were as many as 60-75 cell lines available for research. However, since that time, NIH has revised its numbers downward. By the 2004 presidential campaign, NIH had only 22 lines available (see insert “Effect of President Bush’s Stem Cell Policy”).

Since the President’s August 9, 2001 decision, embryonic stem cell policy has remained unchanged. In November 2001, President Bush established the President’s Council on Bioethics (PCB) , a group of experts (similar the NBAC), to address the issues of human cloning, embryonic stem cell research and other bioethical issues. In Congress, new bills were introduced in the 107th and 108th congress, and the Weldon-Stupak bill was passed in House in 2001 and 2003 to ban all forms of cloning and the use of SCNT, but neither passed in the Senate. Almost every year we see each political side introduce their version of a law which would outlaw all human cloning or only reproductive cloning and either outlaw or permit the use of embryonic stem cells, but nothing has been signed into law.

Questions & Answers

I'm interested in biological psychology and cognitive psychology
Tanya Reply
what does preconceived mean
sammie Reply
physiological Psychology
Nwosu Reply
How can I develope my cognitive domain
Amanyire Reply
why is communication effective
Dakolo Reply
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
Wekolamo Reply
please i need answer
Wekolamo
because it helps many people around the world to understand how to interact with other people and understand them well, for example at work (job).
Manix Reply
Agreed 👍 There are many parts of our brains and behaviors, we really need to get to know. Blessings for everyone and happy Sunday!
ARC
A child is a member of community not society elucidate ?
JESSY Reply
Isn't practices worldwide, be it psychology, be it science. isn't much just a false belief of control over something the mind cannot truly comprehend?
Simon Reply
compare and contrast skinner's perspective on personality development on freud
namakula Reply
Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
war
explain how nature and nurture affect the development and later the productivity of an individual.
Amesalu Reply
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
Zyryn Reply
good👍
Jonathan
and having a good philosophy of the world is like a sandwich and a peanut butter 👍
Jonathan
generally amnesi how long yrs memory loss
Kelu Reply
interpersonal relationships
Abdulfatai Reply
What would be the best educational aid(s) for gifted kids/savants?
Heidi Reply
treat them normal, if they want help then give them. that will make everyone happy
Saurabh
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Stem cell research: a science and policy overview. OpenStax CNX. Aug 03, 2007 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10445/1.1
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Stem cell research: a science and policy overview' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask