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- Elec 301 projects fall 2008
- Information hiding and watermarking
- Future work in information hiding
This Module details the ideas that could be used to extend or improve the fall 2008 ELEC 301 class project on information hiding and audio watermarking.
Future work
Recover the encoded message without original signal
All three encoding and decoding schemes require that the modified output signal be compared to the original signal to attempt to recover the encoded message. Obtaining the original signal can be cumbersome in practice and may present logistical problems. Fortunately, this requirement can be lifted with a slight design change.
Detect whether a signal has been watermarked
This project could also be furthered by creating a decoding process which takes in a signal and a message and attempts to discover whether the signal has been marked with that message.
Survive cropping attacks
Our algorithms could survive cropping if we set up a matched filter in the decoder. First we would determine where the marked signal is located in the original signal using cross-correlation. Then we could crop the original signal in order to compare it to the marked signal and recreate the message (without, of course, the bits lost in the crop).
Increase security by pseudorandom sequences
By first encoding the message with a pseudorandom sequence, we could increase the security of the message. If the encoder uses the pseudorandom sequence with the message as a seed to select which segments are encoded, the decoder can only find what the original message was if he also has the sequence. Thus, the encoder and the decoder must have some key sharing mechanism.
A second method of increasing the security using the pseudorandom sequences is varying the segment length. In the first step of each encoding process, the original signal is cut up into segments of equal time length. If, instead, the length of each segment is varied according to a pseudo-random sequence known by the transmitter and receiver. Without this sequence key, a potential eavesdropper would have great difficulty finding--let alone interpreting--the changes detected in the modified sound.
Encode on both audio channels
All three encoding processes currently only encode on one channel of a stereo audio signal. Both channels may be used to store additional information, at the cost of degrading the sound quality further. The effectiveness of this strategy is limited because the human brain is comparatively good at discerning differences in sound between the two ears.
Use error correcting codes
This project focuses more heavily on the design of the encoding and decoding systems than the contents of the transmitted message. However, system performance in the presence of noise might improve if some form of error correcting code is used. If single-bit errors are evenly distributed throughout a decoded message, error correcting codes will improve accuracy. The trade-off is that fewer unique bits can be encoded, and message length must be reduced.
Extend findings to speech signals
This project focused exclusively on hiding digital data within music files. Perhaps a more practical application is to apply these results to speech signals. Human speech typically covers a smaller frequency range than music and also typically lacks harmonic resonance. It is not clear how well the encoding and decoding schemes will perform when applied to speech.
Questions & Answers
what is defense mechanism
what is defense mechanisms
Chinaza
I'm interested in biological psychology and cognitive psychology
what does preconceived mean
How can I develope my cognitive domain
why is communication effective
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
please i need answer
Wekolamo
because it helps many people around the world to understand how to interact with other people and understand them well, for example at work (job).
Agreed 👍 There are many parts of our brains and behaviors, we really need to get to know. Blessings for everyone and happy Sunday!
ARC
A child is a member of community not society elucidate ?
Isn't practices worldwide, be it psychology, be it science. isn't much just a false belief of control over something the mind cannot truly comprehend?
compare and contrast skinner's perspective on personality development on freud
Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
war
explain how nature and nurture affect the development and later the productivity of an individual.
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
and having a good philosophy of the world is like a sandwich and a peanut butter 👍
Jonathan
generally amnesi how long yrs memory loss
interpersonal relationships
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Source:
OpenStax, Elec 301 projects fall 2008. OpenStax CNX. Jan 22, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10633/1.1
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