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What are the human health hazards of vinyl chloride?
What are the human toxicity values (RfD, CSF) of vinyl chloride and how are these values estimated?
How do you calculate the dose received by children and adults via ingestion of vinyl chloride-contaminated drinking water under the RME scenario? Please document and explain your assumptions along with your references for the exposure parameters for each receptor of concern
How do you calculate RME cancer and noncancer risks to children and adults for the above exposure scenario?
What does excess cancer risk of three cases out of ten thousand exposed (3x10 -4 ) signify?
If drinking water were also contaminated with benzene, how would you estimate cumulative cancer and noncancer risks associated with exposure to drinking water contaminated with vinyl chloride and benzene for children and adults under the RME scenario?
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EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2004a, July). Risk assessment guidance for Superfund, volume I: Human health evaluation manual (Part E, supplemental guidance for dermal risk assessment) (EPA/540/R/99/005). Final. Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Washington, DC.
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Erdal, S. (2007). Case study: Multi-pathway risk assessment for adults and children living near a hazardous waste site. In M.G. Robson&W.A. Toscano (Eds.), Environmental Health Risk Assessment for Public Health (pp. 523-530). Association of Schools of Public Health.
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