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Financial : Although the Connexions site makes it possible for you to download a PDF file for thismodule at no charge, and also makes it possible for you to purchase a pre-printed version of the PDF file, you should beaware that some of the HTML elements in this module may not translate well into PDF.
I also want you to know that, I receive no financial compensation from the Connexions website even if you purchase the PDF version of the module.
In the past, unknown individuals have copied my modules from cnx.org, converted them to Kindle books, and placed them for sale on Amazon.com showing me as the author. Ineither receive compensation for those sales nor do I know who does receive compensation. If you purchase such a book, please beaware that it is a copy of a module that is freely available on cnx.org and that it was made and published withoutmy prior knowledge.
Affiliation : I am a professor of Computer Information Technology at Austin Community College in Austin, TX.
A complete listing of the program is provided in Listing 17 .
| Figure 1 - Class files produced by the program. |
|---|
A$1$B.class
A.classInnerClasses07.class
X.classY.class |
| Figure 2 - Screen output. |
|---|
In xstr for A, aTime = 10 |
| Figure 3 - Screen output. |
|---|
In meth, methTime = 40 |
| Figure 4 - Screen output. |
|---|
----------------------
Instantiate first B-objectIn xstr for B, bTime = 70
Delay and instantiate second B-objectIn xstr for B, bTime = 100 |
| Figure 5 - Screen output. |
|---|
----------------------
Display first B-Object-1-
In showB, private bTime = 70In showB, private aTime = 10
In showB, final methTime = 40In showB, protected xVar = 1000
In showB, protected yVar = 2000In showB, class name = A$1$B |
| Figure 6 - Screen output. |
|---|
-2-
In showA, aTime = 10In showA, xVar = 1000
In showA, class name = A |
| Figure 7 - Screen output. |
|---|
-3-
In showB, bTime = 70In showB, aTime = 10 |
| Figure 8 - Screen output. |
|---|
-4-
toString in class B, bTime = 70toString in class Y, yVar = 2000 |
| Figure 9 - Screen output. |
|---|
----------------------
Display second B-Object-1-
In showB, private bTime = 100In showB, private aTime = 10
In showB, final methTime = 40In showB, protected xVar = 1000
In showB, protected yVar = 2000In showB, class name = A$1$B
-2-In showA, aTime = 10
In showA, xVar = 1000In showA, class name = A
-3-In showB, bTime = 100
In showB, aTime = 10-4-
toString in class B, bTime = 100toString in class Y, yVar = 2000 |
| Listing 1 - The controlling class named InnerClasses07. |
|---|
public class InnerClasses07{
static long baseTime = new Date().getTime();public static void main(String[] args){new A().meth();
}//end main}//end class InnerClasses07 |
| Listing 2 - The class named X. |
|---|
class X{
protected int xVar = 1000;}//end class X |
| Listing 3 - The class named Y. |
|---|
class Y{
protected int yVar = 2000;public String toString(){
return "toString in class Y, yVar = " + yVar;}//end overridden toString
}//end class Y |
| Listing 4 - Beginning of the class named A. |
|---|
class A extends X{
private long aTime = new Date().getTime() -InnerClasses07.baseTime;
A(){//constructorSystem.out.println(
"In xstr for A, aTime = " + aTime);}//end constructor |
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