6.7 2.2.8 summary

Summary

• There are 3 types of skeletons:

1. Hydrostatic skeleton
2. Endoskeleton
3. Exoskeleton

• When animals moved from water to land, there was a need for the development of strong limbs and a skeleton to provide support to the bodies, which beforewater had provided

• Humans have an endoskeleton consisting of:

1. Axial skeleton (cranium, facial bones, foramen magnum, palate and jaws, vertebral column, rib cage and breastbone(sternum)
2. Appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle with arms and pelvic girdle with legs)

• Functions of the human skeleton are:

1. Movement
2. Protection
3. Support
4. Storage of minerals
5. Hearing

• There tissues associated with the human skeleton are bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

• Joints

• A joint is formed when two or more bones come into contact

• There are three types of joints

1. Immovable joints
2. Partly movable joints
3. Synovial joints (Hinge joints, ball and socket joints, pivot joints, gliding joints)

• Human locomotion requires the use and coordination of bones, joints, ligaments, tendons and antagonistic muscles

• Muscles

- There are three types:

1) Smooth/involuntary

2) Skeletal/voluntary

3) Cardiac muscle

• Myofibrils are responsible for muscle contraction

• There are many diseases that affect the skeleton, such as rickets, osteoporosis and arthritis