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Este modulo nos da un pequeño repaso de la importancia de los eigenvectores y eigenvalores en el análisis y entedimiento de los sistemas LTI.

La matriz y sus eigenvectores

La razón por la cual estamos recalcando la importancia de los eigenvectores es por que la acción de una matriz A en uno de sus eigenvectores v es

  • Extremadamente fácil (y rápido) de calcular
    A v λ v
    solo multiplicar v por λ .
  • fácil de interpretar: A solo escala v , manteniendo su dirección constante y solo altera la longitud del vector.
Si solo cada vector fuera un eigenvector de A ....

Usando el espacio generado por los eigenvectores

Claro que no todos los vectores pero para ciertas matrices (incluidas aquellas con eigenvalores λ 's), cuyos eigenvectores generan el subespacio n , lo que significa que para cada x n , podemos encontrar α 1 α 2 α n tal que:

x α 1 v 1 α 2 v 2 α n v n
Dada la , podemos reescribir A x b . Esta ecuación esta modelada en nuestro sistema LTI ilustrado posteriormente:

Sistema LTI.

x i α i v i b i α i λ i v i El sistema LTI representado anteriormente representa nuestra . La siguiente es una ilustración de los paso para ir de x a b . x α V -1 x Λ V -1 x V Λ V -1 x b Donde los tres pasos (las flechas) de la ilustración anterior representan las siguientes tres operaciones:

  • Transformar x usando V -1 - nos da α
  • Acción de A en una nueva base- una multiplicación por Λ
  • Regresar a la antigua base- transformada inversa usando la multiplicación por V , lo que nos da b

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Source:  OpenStax, Señales y sistemas. OpenStax CNX. Sep 28, 2006 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10373/1.2
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