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A description of the functionality of a pulse amplitude modulated transmission system in a bandlimited channel. The bandlimited nature of the channel causes it to have memory which causes intersymbol interference, which can be dealt with in a number of ways.

Consider a PAM system b -10 ,, b -1 , b 0 b 1 ,

This implies

a n a n M levels of amplitude x t n a n s t n T

The received signal is

r t n a n s t n T g N t n a n s t n T g N t n a n s t n T N t

Since the signals span a one-dimensional space, one filter matched to s t s g t is sufficient.

The matched filter's impulse response is

t h opt t s g T t
The matched filter output is
y t n a n s t n T h opt t n a n s t n T h opt t n a n u t n T t

The decision on the k th symbol is obtained by sampling the MF output at k T :

y k T n a n u k T n T k T
The k th symbol is of interest:
y k T a k u 0 n a n u k T n T k T
where n k .

Since the channel is bandlimited, it provides memory for the transmission system. The effect of old symbols (possibly evenfuture signals) lingers and affects the performance of the receiver. The effect of ISI can be eliminated or controlled byproper design of modulation signals or precoding filters at the transmitter, or by equalizers or sequence detectors at the receiver.

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Source:  OpenStax, Digital communication systems. OpenStax CNX. Jan 22, 2004 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10134/1.3
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