4.3 To analyse the structure of the earth and to measure movements  (Page 3/3)

AMOUNT

Because the post office was the only place in the town that still had electricity it served as a base for rescue workers. As Mr Hougaard received telephonic information about inhabitants severely affected by the earthquake, rescuers were sent out.“The lines were overloaded because everyone was phoning to hear what had happened and where they should go.”Shortly after this Mr Hougaard went to have a look at his own house, which he had just bought. Although he can’t remember the exact amount, the damage caused to his house cost more to repair than he paid for the house originally.His wife, who was expecting their second child, was cut on the head when a badminton trophy fell from the pelmet onto her head. For months after this she refused to sleep inside at night.Mr NC Krone, owner of Twee Jonge Gezellen and vice-chairman of the Boland Disaster Committee said that most inhabitants of Tulbagh were badly affected, yet the spirit of co-operation was a wonderful memory. “Emergency aid streamed into the disaster-struck towns and a comprehensive disaster relief programme was instituted on the night of the earthquake by the Defence Force with the assistance of the Police and local authorities.”The next day 400 tents were erected in Tulbagh, 250 in Wolseley, and 100 in Ceres. The Army erected a field hospital in Wolseley. Two days later the water shortage was relieved and new pipes were laid to the mountains to replace pipes damaged by falling rocks.

DONATIONS

Nearly all of the R13 million controlled by the Disaster Committee was spent. Almost R1.3 million was raised from public donations.

My summary:

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VOLCANOES

• If the pressure under the mantle builds up the magma is forced through weak places and cracks in the crust. These weak places form volcanic pipes. When the magma reaches the surface of the earth it forms solid rock. This rock blocks the volcanic pipe and the pressure from below builds up. Eventually the pressure is sufficient to cause a huge explosion. The solid rock (the plug) is blown away and the magma erupts from the pipe. A volcanic explosion like this can sometimes destroy a whole town.
• There are fewer than 500 active volcanoes on Earth. An active volcano is one that erupts from time to time. More than half of these volcanoes are in an area around the Pacific Ocean.

The inside of a volcano

TASK 3:

Use the map of the world below and show the area where volcanoes mainly occur. Use an atlas to show where the following volcanoes are.

• Mount Etna
• Hawaii
• Mount Pinatubo

TASK 4:

Use the previous information on volcanoes and earthquakes and define the following terms:

Assessment

Learning Outcome 2: The learner will know and be able to interpret and apply scientific, technological and environmental knowledge.

Assessment Standard 2.1: We know this when the learner categorises information: compares features of different categories of objects, organisms and events;

Assessment Standard 2.3: We know this when the learner interprets information: interprets information by identifying key ideas in text, finding patterns in recorded data, and making inferences from information in various forms (e.g. pictures, diagrams, text).