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4.1 Resistors in series and parallel  (Page 8/17)

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If two household lightbulbs rated 60 W and 100 W are connected in series to household power, which will be brighter? Explain.

Suppose you are doing a physics lab that asks you to put a resistor into a circuit, but all the resistors supplied have a larger resistance than the requested value. How would you connect the available resistances to attempt to get the smaller value asked for?

Before World War II, some radios got power through a “resistance cord” that had a significant resistance. Such a resistance cord reduces the voltage to a desired level for the radio’s tubes and the like, and it saves the expense of a transformer. Explain why resistance cords become warm and waste energy when the radio is on.

Some light bulbs have three power settings (not including zero), obtained from multiple filaments that are individually switched and wired in parallel. What is the minimum number of filaments needed for three power settings?

Problem exercises

Note: Data taken from figures can be assumed to be accurate to three significant digits.

(a) What is the resistance of ten 275-Ω size 12{"275"- %OMEGA } {} resistors connected in series? (b) In parallel?

(a) 2 . 75 k Ω size 12{2 "." "75"" k" %OMEGA } {}

(b) 27 . 5 Ω size 12{"27" "." 5 %OMEGA } {}

(a) What is the resistance of a 1.00 × 10 2 -Ω , a 2 . 50-kΩ , and a 4 . 00-k Ω size 12{4 "." "00""-k" %OMEGA } {} resistor connected in series? (b) In parallel?

What are the largest and smallest resistances you can obtain by connecting a 36 . 0-Ω , a 50 . 0-Ω size 12{"50" "." 0- %OMEGA } {} , and a 700-Ω size 12{"700"- %OMEGA } {} resistor together?

(a) 786 Ω size 12{"786" %OMEGA } {}

(b) 20 . 3 Ω size 12{"20" "." 3 %OMEGA } {}

An 1800-W toaster, a 1400-W electric frying pan, and a 75-W lamp are plugged into the same outlet in a 15-A, 120-V circuit. (The three devices are in parallel when plugged into the same socket.). (a) What current is drawn by each device? (b) Will this combination blow the 15-A fuse?

Your car’s 30.0-W headlight and 2.40-kW starter are ordinarily connected in parallel in a 12.0-V system. What power would one headlight and the starter consume if connected in series to a 12.0-V battery? (Neglect any other resistance in the circuit and any change in resistance in the two devices.)

29 . 6 W size 12{"29" "." 6" W"} {}

(a) Given a 48.0-V battery and 24 . 0-Ω size 12{"24" "." 0- %OMEGA } {} and 96 . 0-Ω size 12{"96" "." 0- %OMEGA } {} resistors, find the current and power for each when connected in series. (b) Repeat when the resistances are in parallel.

Referring to the example combining series and parallel circuits and [link] , calculate I 3 size 12{I rSub { size 8{3} } } {} in the following two different ways: (a) from the known values of I size 12{I} {} and I 2 size 12{I rSub { size 8{2} } } {} ; (b) using Ohm’s law for R 3 size 12{R rSub { size 8{3} } } {} . In both parts explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Series and Parallel Resistors .

(a) 0.74 A

(b) 0.742 A

Referring to [link] : (a) Calculate P 3 size 12{P rSub { size 8{3} } } {} and note how it compares with P 3 size 12{P rSub { size 8{3} } } {} found in the first two example problems in this module. (b) Find the total power supplied by the source and compare it with the sum of the powers dissipated by the resistors.

Refer to [link] and the discussion of lights dimming when a heavy appliance comes on. (a) Given the voltage source is 120 V, the wire resistance is 0 . 400 Ω size 12{0 "." "800" %OMEGA } {} , and the bulb is nominally 75.0 W, what power will the bulb dissipate if a total of 15.0 A passes through the wires when the motor comes on? Assume negligible change in bulb resistance. (b) What power is consumed by the motor?

(a) 60.8 W

(b) 3.18 kW

A 240-kV power transmission line carrying 5.00 × 10 2 A is hung from grounded metal towers by ceramic insulators, each having a 1 . 00 × 10 9 -Ω size 12{1 "." "00"´"10" rSup { size 8{9} } - %OMEGA } {} resistance. [link] . (a) What is the resistance to ground of 100 of these insulators? (b) Calculate the power dissipated by 100 of them. (c) What fraction of the power carried by the line is this? Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Series and Parallel Resistors .

The diagram shows a grounded metal transmission tower. Two ground conductors on top of the tower point out like antennas. Hanging from the tower are a set of three bundled conductors, one on either end and one in the middle.
High-voltage (240-kV) transmission line carrying 5.00 × 10 2 A is hung from a grounded metal transmission tower. The row of ceramic insulators provide 1.00 × 10 9 Ω size 12{1 "." 0 times "10" rSup { size 8{9} } %OMEGA } {} of resistance each.

Show that if two resistors R 1 size 12{R rSub { size 8{1} } } {} and R 2 size 12{R rSub { size 8{2} } } {} are combined and one is much greater than the other ( R 1 >> R 2 size 12{R rSub { size 8{1} } ">>"R rSub { size 8{2} } } {} ): (a) Their series resistance is very nearly equal to the greater resistance R 1 size 12{R rSub { size 8{1} } } {} . (b) Their parallel resistance is very nearly equal to smaller resistance R 2 size 12{R rSub { size 8{2} } } {} .

(a) R s = R 1 + R 2 ⇒ R s ≈ R 1 R 1 >> R 2 alignl { stack { size 12{R rSub { size 8{s} } =R rSub { size 8{1} } +R rSub { size 8{2} } } {} #drarrow R rSub { size 8{s} } »R rSub { size 8{1} } left (R rSub { size 8{1} } ">>"R rSub { size 8{2} } right ) {} } } {}

(b) 1 R p = 1 R 1 + 1 R 2 = R 1 + R 2 R 1 R 2 size 12{ { {1} over {R rSub { size 8{p} } } } = { {1} over {R rSub { size 8{1} } } } + { {1} over {R rSub { size 8{2} } } } = { {R rSub { size 8{1} } +R rSub { size 8{2} } } over {R rSub { size 8{1} } R rSub { size 8{2} } } } } {} ,

so that

R p = R 1 R 2 R 1 + R 2 ≈ R 1 R 2 R 1 = R 2 R 1 >> R 2 . alignl { stack { size 12{R rSub { size 8{p} } = { {R rSub { size 8{1} } R rSub { size 8{2} } } over {R rSub { size 8{1} } +R rSub { size 8{2} } } } » { {R rSub { size 8{1} } R rSub { size 8{2} } } over {R rSub { size 8{1} } } } } {} #=R rSub { size 8{2} } left (R rSub { size 8{1} } ">>"R rSub { size 8{2} } right ) "." {} } } {}

Unreasonable Results

Two resistors, one having a resistance of 1 45 Ω size 12{1"45 " %OMEGA } {} , are connected in parallel to produce a total resistance of 150 Ω size 12{150 %OMEGA } {} . (a) What is the value of the second resistance? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?

Unreasonable Results

Two resistors, one having a resistance of 9 00 kΩ size 12{9"00 k" %OMEGA } {} , are connected in series to produce a total resistance of 0 . 500 MΩ size 12{0 "." "500 M" %OMEGA } {} . (a) What is the value of the second resistance? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?

(a) - 400 k Ω size 12{ +- "400 k" %OMEGA } {}

(b) Resistance cannot be negative.

(c) Series resistance is said to be less than one of the resistors, but it must be greater than any of the resistors.

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
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A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
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emma
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
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2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
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you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
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Magreth
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Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
yasuo Reply
Who can show me the full solution in this problem?
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Source:  OpenStax, College physics ii. OpenStax CNX. Nov 29, 2012 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11458/1.2
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