3.7 Electronegativity, polar bonds, & Vsepr theory  (Page 10/27)

Explain why the HOH molecule is bent, whereas the HBeH molecule is linear.

What feature of a Lewis structure can be used to tell if a molecule’s (or ion’s) electron-pair geometry and molecular structure will be identical?

Explain the difference between electron-pair geometry and molecular structure.

Why is the H–N–H angle in NH ₃ smaller than the H–C–H bond angle in CH ₄ ? Why is the H–N–H angle in ${\text{NH}}_4{}^{+}$ identical to the H–C–H bond angle in CH ₄ ?

Explain how a molecule that contains polar bonds can be nonpolar.

As a general rule, MX _n molecules (where M represents a central atom and X represents terminal atoms; n = 2 – 5) are polar if there is one or more lone pairs of electrons on M. NH ₃ (M = N, X = H, n = 3) is an example. There are two molecular structures with lone pairs that are exceptions to this rule. What are they?

Predict the electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following molecules or ions:

(a) SF ₆

(b) PCl ₅

(c) BeH ₂

(d) ${\text{CH}}_3{}^{+}$

Identify the electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following molecules or ions:

(a) ${\text{IF}}_6{}^{+}$

(b) CF ₄

(c) BF ₃

(d) ${\text{SiF}}_5{}^{\text{−}}$

(e) BeCl ₂

What are the electron-pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following molecules or ions?

(a) ClF ₅

(b) ${\text{ClO}}_2{}^{\text{−}}$

(c) ${\text{TeCl}}_4{}^{\text{2−}}$

(d) PCl ₃

(e) SeF ₄

(f) ${\text{PH}}_2{}^{\text{−}}$

Predict the electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following ions:

(a) H ₃ O ⁺

(b) ${\text{PCl}}_4{}^{\text{−}}$

(c) ${\text{SnCl}}_3{}^{\text{−}}$

(d) ${\text{BrCl}}_4{}^{\text{−}}$

(e) ICl ₃

(f) XeF ₄

(g) SF ₂

Identify the electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following molecules:

(a) ClNO (N is the central atom)

(b) CS ₂

(c) Cl ₂ CO (C is the central atom)

(d) Cl ₂ SO (S is the central atom)

(e) SO ₂ F ₂ (S is the central atom)

(f) XeO ₂ F ₂ (Xe is the central atom)

(g) ${\text{ClOF}}_2{}^{+}$ (Cl is the central atom)