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Two springs are pulled down from the ceiling and released at the same time. The first spring, which oscillates 8 times per second, was initially pulled down 32 cm from equilibrium, and the amplitude decreases by 50% each second. The second spring, oscillating 18 times per second, was initially pulled down 15 cm from equilibrium and after 4 seconds has an amplitude of 2 cm. Which spring comes to rest first, and at what time? Consider “rest” as an amplitude less than 0.1  cm .

Two springs are pulled down from the ceiling and released at the same time. The first spring, which oscillates 14 times per second, was initially pulled down 2 cm from equilibrium, and the amplitude decreases by 8% each second. The second spring, oscillating 22 times per second, was initially pulled down 10 cm from equilibrium and after 3 seconds has an amplitude of 2 cm. Which spring comes to rest first, and at what time? Consider “rest” as an amplitude less than 0.1  cm .

Spring 2 comes to rest first after 8.0 seconds.

Extensions

A plane flies 1 hour at 150 mph at 22 east of north, then continues to fly for 1.5 hours at 120 mph, this time at a bearing of 112 east of north. Find the total distance from the starting point and the direct angle flown north of east.

A plane flies 2 hours at 200 mph at a bearing of   60 , then continues to fly for 1.5 hours at the same speed, this time at a bearing of 150 . Find the distance from the starting point and the bearing from the starting point. Hint: bearing is measured counterclockwise from north.

500 miles, at 90

For the following exercises, find a function of the form y = a b x + c sin ( π 2 x ) that fits the given data.

x 0 1 2 3
y 6 29 96 379
x 0 1 2 3
y 6 34 150 746

y = 6 ( 5 ) x + 4 sin ( π 2 x )

x 0 1 2 3
y 4 0 16 -40

For the following exercises, find a function of the form y = a b x cos ( π 2 x ) + c that fits the given data.

x 0 1 2 3
y 11 3 1 3

y = 8 ( 1 2 ) x cos ( π 2 x ) + 3

x 0 1 2 3
y 4 1 −11 1

Chapter review exercises

Solving Trigonometric Equations with Identities

For the following exercises, find all solutions exactly that exist on the interval [ 0 , 2 π ) .

csc 2 t = 3

sin 1 ( 3 3 ) , π sin 1 ( 3 3 ) , π + sin 1 ( 3 3 ) , 2 π sin 1 ( 3 3 )

cos 2 x = 1 4

2 sin θ = 1

7 π 6 , 11 π 6

tan x sin x + sin ( x ) = 0

9 sin ω 2 = 4 sin 2 ω

sin 1 ( 1 4 ) , π sin 1 ( 1 4 )

1 2 tan ( ω ) = tan 2 ( ω )

For the following exercises, use basic identities to simplify the expression.

sec x cos x + cos x 1 sec x

1

sin 3 x + cos 2 x sin x

For the following exercises, determine if the given identities are equivalent.

sin 2 x + sec 2 x 1 = ( 1 cos 2 x ) ( 1 + cos 2 x ) cos 2 x

Yes

tan 3 x csc 2 x cot 2 x cos x sin x = 1

Sum and Difference Identities

For the following exercises, find the exact value.

tan ( 7 π 12 )

2 3

cos ( 25 π 12 )

sin ( 70 ) cos ( 25 ) cos ( 70 ) sin ( 25 )

2 2

cos ( 83 ) cos ( 23 ) + sin ( 83 ) sin ( 23 )

For the following exercises, prove the identity.

cos ( 4 x ) cos ( 3 x ) cos x = sin 2 x 4 cos 2 x sin 2 x

cos ( 4 x ) cos ( 3 x ) cos x = cos ( 2 x + 2 x ) cos ( x + 2 x ) cos x                                    = cos ( 2 x ) cos ( 2 x ) sin ( 2 x ) sin ( 2 x ) cos x cos ( 2 x ) cos x + sin x sin ( 2 x ) cos x                                    = ( cos 2 x sin 2 x ) 2 4 cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x ( cos 2 x sin 2 x ) + sin x ( 2 ) sin x cos x cos x                                    = ( cos 2 x sin 2 x ) 2 4 cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x ( cos 2 x sin 2 x ) + 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x                                    = cos 4 x 2 cos 2 x sin 2 x + sin 4 x 4 cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 4 x + cos 2 x sin 2 x + 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x                                    = sin 4 x 4 cos 2 x sin 2 x + cos 2 x sin 2 x                                    = sin 2 x ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) 4 cos 2 x sin 2 x                                    = sin 2 x 4 cos 2 x sin 2 x

Practice Key Terms 2

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Source:  OpenStax, Essential precalculus, part 2. OpenStax CNX. Aug 20, 2015 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11845/1.2
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