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Find the time in years it takes the dwarf planet Pluto to make one orbit about the Sun given that a = 39.5 A.U.

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Suppose that the position function for an object in three dimensions is given by the equation r ( t ) = t cos ( t ) i + t sin ( t ) j + 3 t k .

Show that the particle moves on a circular cone.

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Find the angle between the velocity and acceleration vectors when t = 1.5 .

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Find the tangential and normal components of acceleration when t = 1.5 .

a T = 0.43 m/sec 2 ,
a N = 2.46 m/sec 2

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Chapter review exercises

True or False ? Justify your answer with a proof or a counterexample.

A parametric equation that passes through points P and Q can be given by r ( t ) = t 2 , 3 t + 1 , t 2 , where P ( 1 , 4 , −1 ) and Q ( 16 , 11 , 2 ) .

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d d t [ u ( t ) × u ( t ) ] = 2 u ( t ) × u ( t )

False, d d t [ u ( t ) × u ( t ) ] = 0

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The curvature of a circle of radius r is constant everywhere. Furthermore, the curvature is equal to 1 / r .

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The speed of a particle with a position function r ( t ) is ( r ( t ) ) / ( | r ( t ) | ) .

False, it is | r ( t ) |

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Find the domains of the vector-valued functions.

r ( t ) = sin ( t ) , ln ( t ) , t

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r ( t ) = e t , 1 4 t , sec ( t )

t < 4 , t n π 2

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Sketch the curves for the following vector equations. Use a calculator if needed.

[T] r ( t ) = t 2 , t 3

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[T] r ( t ) = sin ( 20 t ) e t , cos ( 20 t ) e t , e t


This figure is a curve in 3 dimensions. It is inside of a box. The box represents an octant. The curve begins in the center of the bottom of the box and spirals to the top of the box, increasing radius as it goes.

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Find a vector function that describes the following curves.

Intersection of the cylinder x 2 + y 2 = 4 with the plane x + z = 6

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Intersection of the cone z = x 2 + y 2 and plane z = y 4

r ( t ) = t , 2 t 2 8 , −2 t 2 8

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Find the derivatives of u ( t ) , u ( t ) , u ( t ) × u ( t ) , u ( t ) × u ( t ) , and u ( t ) · u ( t ) . Find the unit tangent vector.

u ( t ) = e t , e t

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u ( t ) = t 2 , 2 t + 6 , 4 t 5 12

u ( t ) = 2 t , 2 , 20 t 4 , u ( t ) = 2 , 0 , 80 t 3 , d d t [ u ( t ) × u ( t ) ] = −480 t 3 160 t 4 , 24 + 75 t 2 , 12 + 4 t , d d t [ u ( t ) × u ( t ) ] = 480 t 3 + 160 t 4 , −24 75 t 2 , −12 4 t , d d t [ u ( t ) · u ( t ) ] = 720 t 8 9600 t 3 + 6 t 2 + 4 , unit tangent vector: T ( t ) = 2 t 400 t 8 + 4 t 2 + 4 i + 2 400 t 8 + 4 t 2 + 4 j + 20 t 4 400 t 8 + 4 t 2 + 4 k

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Evaluate the following integrals.

( tan ( t ) sec ( t ) i t e 3 t j ) d t

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1 4 u ( t ) d t , with u ( t ) = ln ( t ) t , 1 t , sin ( t π 4 )

ln ( 4 ) 2 2 i + 2 j + 2 ( 2 + 2 ) π k

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Find the length for the following curves.

r ( t ) = 3 ( t ) , 4 cos ( t ) , 4 sin ( t ) for 1 t 4

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r ( t ) = 2 i + t j + 3 t 2 k for 0 t 1

37 2 + 1 12 sinh −1 ( 6 )

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Reparameterize the following functions with respect to their arc length measured from t = 0 in direction of increasing t .

r ( t ) = 2 t i + ( 4 t 5 ) j + ( 1 3 t ) k

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r ( t ) = cos ( 2 t ) i + 8 t j sin ( 2 t ) k

r ( t ( s ) ) = cos ( 2 s 65 ) i + 8 s 65 j sin ( 2 s 65 ) k

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Find the curvature for the following vector functions.

r ( t ) = ( 2 sin t ) i 4 t j + ( 2 cos t ) k

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r ( t ) = 2 e t i + 2 e t j + 2 t k

e 2 t ( e 2 t + 1 ) 2

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Find the unit tangent vector, the unit normal vector, and the binormal vector for r ( t ) = 2 cos t i + 3 t j + 2 sin t k .

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Find the tangential and normal acceleration components with the position vector r ( t ) = cos t , sin t , e t .

a T = e 2 t 1 + e 2 t , a N = 2 e 2 t + 4 e 2 t sin t cos t + 1 1 + e 2 t

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A Ferris wheel car is moving at a constant speed v and has a constant radius r . Find the tangential and normal acceleration of the Ferris wheel car.

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The position of a particle is given by r ( t ) = t 2 , ln ( t ) , sin ( π t ) , where t is measured in seconds and r is measured in meters. Find the velocity, acceleration, and speed functions. What are the position, velocity, speed, and acceleration of the particle at 1 sec?

v ( t ) = 2 t , 1 t , cos ( π t ) m/sec, a ( t ) = 2 , 1 t 2 , sin ( π t ) m/sec 2 , speed = 4 t 2 + 1 t 2 + cos 2 ( π t ) m/sec; at t = 1 , r ( 1 ) = 1 , 0 , 0 m, v ( 1 ) = 2 , −1 , 1 m/sec, a ( 1 ) = 2 , −1 , 0 m/sec 2 , and speed = 6 m/sec

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The following problems consider launching a cannonball out of a cannon. The cannonball is shot out of the cannon with an angle θ and initial velocity v 0 . The only force acting on the cannonball is gravity, so we begin with a constant acceleration a ( t ) = g j .

Find the velocity vector function v ( t ) .

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Find the position vector r ( t ) and the parametric representation for the position.

r ( t ) = v 0 t g 2 t 2 j , r ( t ) = v 0 ( cos θ ) t , v 0 ( sin θ ) t , g 2 t 2

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At what angle do you need to fire the cannonball for the horizontal distance to be greatest? What is the total distance it would travel?

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Practice Key Terms 6

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Source:  OpenStax, Calculus volume 3. OpenStax CNX. Feb 05, 2016 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11966/1.2
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