3.3 Stanley and the local inhabitants  (Page 2/2)

b) When we know what another person's objectives are, it is easier to understand his or her actions.

One of Stanley's friends told of how Stanley always did exactly what he had planned to do.

• At what time in his life would determination have been very important?
• Where can you see evidence of determination?

c) We have to consider the opinions of other people. Can you suggest whether Stanley thought that it was important to "open up" Africa for European people:

• As a missionary, or
• as an explorer?

d) All things have causes and results or effects. Take malaria, for instance.

• What causes it?
• What is its effect on the body?
• How is it treated?
• Why did so many explorers die from it?
• Is it still regarded as a dangerous illness? Why?

e) Conduct a class discussion on the following statement by Professor Jusprovit:

DISCOVERIES IN AFRICA WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE LOCAL INHABITANTS!

• Is it a fact or an opinion?

Chief/Captain (interprets/negotiates with tribal chiefs)

The San are not affected by malaria!

Bearers (each carrying a load of ± 35 kg)

walking for long distances

know the region – and all its dangers!

Boats?

Rivers not navigable.

To be carried:

guns/ammunition

camping equipment

scientific instruments

gifts for chieftains/-tribal chiefs

Expedition: ± 350 men

Pack animals?

Tsetse flies make it almost impossible to make use of pack animals.

f) At the beginning, technology advanced slowly and this played an important role when it came to the distances that explorers could travel. See whether you are able to make sketches of the following means of transport.

• caravan of camels
• people carrying loads on their heads
• horse-drawn wagon
• a person being carried
• rowing boat/dugout canoe
• modern transport?

Enrichment Exercise

a) Complete the following table dealing with the travels undertaken by Stanley and Livingstone.

DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE FOLLOWING . . ?

Stanley: “Dr. Livingstone I presume.”

Livingstone: “Yes.”

Stanley: “I thank God, Doctor, I have been permitted to see you.”

Livingstone: “I feel thankful that I am here to welcome you.”

Stanley was the last white person to see Livingstone alive.

Study the following sketch of Stanley’s boat the Lady Alice . Why does it have five segments?

Assessment

Memorandum

Activity

(a) Flees from cannibalistic tribes

Friendly agreement

No – self-defence

Wanted to steal his proviand, strange – appearance of perpetrators/slave traders

(b) A number of examples:

Search for Livingstone, rivers

Continues travels in spite of malaria, continuous rain, attacks, distances, dangers, death/diseases of members of the expedition

Leading explorer in Africa

(c) Missionary: Christianity , treatment of sick persons, make an end to slave trade

Explorer: Trade benefits, discovers sources of rivers

.