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Learn about indirection, array objects, and casting.

Revised: Sun Apr 03 09:25:24 CDT 2016

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Table of contents

Preface

This module is one of a series of modules designed to teach you about Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) using Java.

Viewing tip

I recommend that you open another copy of this document in a separate browser window and use the following links to easily find and view the Figuresand Listings while you are reading about them.

Figures

  • Figure 1 . Program output on command line screen.

Listings

Preview

The program that I will explain in this module produces no graphics and does not require the use of Ericson's media library.

OOP concepts

The program illustrates the following OOP concepts among others:

  • Multiple levels of indirection
  • A one-element array of type Object
  • Storing a reference to an object in an array element as type Object
  • An anonymous object
  • Passing a reference to a subclass object as type Object
  • Downcasting an incoming object reference to access a method

Program specifications

Write a program named Prob05 that uses the class definition shown in Listing 1 to produce an output similar to that shown in Figure 1 on the command-line screen.

Figure 1 . Program output on command line screen.
Prob05 DickBaldwin -28-28

A random value

Because the program generates and uses a random data value, the actual values displayed will differ from one run to the next. However, in all cases, the twovalues shown in Figure 1 must match.

New classes

You may define new classes as necessary to cause your program to behave as required, but you may not modify the class definition for the class named Prob05 which begins in Listing 1 .

Discussion and sample code

Will explain in fragments

I will explain this program in fragments. A complete listing is provided in Listing 6 near the end of the module.

I will begin with the driver class named Prob05 , which begins in Listing 1 .

Listing 1 . Beginning of the Prob05 class.
import java.util.*; class Prob05{public static void main(String[] args){Random generator = new Random(new Date().getTime()); int randomNumber = (byte)generator.nextInt();Object[] objRef = {new Prob05MyClassA(randomNumber)};

Everything in Listing 1 should be familiar to you with the possible exception of the last statement, which I will explain shortly.

Characteristics of arrays in Java

Before explaining that statement, however, I will discuss some of the important characteristics of array objects in Java. A list of suchcharacteristics follows in no particular order:

Questions & Answers

what is microbiology
Agebe Reply
What is a cell
Odelana Reply
what is cell
Mohammed
how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
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Source:  OpenStax, Object-oriented programming (oop) with java. OpenStax CNX. Jun 29, 2016 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11441/1.201
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