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What do the three types of beta decay have in common that is distinctly different from alpha decay?
Problems&Exercises
In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the complete
notation. Refer to the periodic table for values of
.
decay of
(tritium), a manufactured isotope of hydrogen used in some digital watch displays, and manufactured primarily for use in hydrogen bombs.
decay of
, a naturally occurring rare isotope of potassium responsible for some of our exposure to background radiation.
decay of
.
decay of
.
Electron capture by
.
Electron capture by
.
decay of
, the isotope of polonium in the decay series of
that was discovered by the Curies. A favorite isotope in physics labs, since it has a short half-life and decays to a stable nuclide.
decay of
, another isotope in the decay series of
, first recognized as a new element by the Curies. Poses special problems because its daughter is a radioactive noble gas.
In the following four problems, identify the parent nuclide and write the complete decay equation in the
notation. Refer to the periodic table for values of
.
decay producing
. The parent nuclide is a major waste product of reactors and has chemistry similar to potassium and sodium, resulting in its concentration in your cells if ingested.
decay producing
. The parent nuclide is a major waste product of reactors and has chemistry similar to calcium, so that it is concentrated in bones if ingested (
is also radioactive.)
decay producing
. The parent nuclide is nearly 100% of the natural element and is found in gas lantern mantles and in metal alloys used in jets (
is also radioactive).
decay producing
. The parent nuclide is in the decay series produced by
, the only naturally occurring isotope of thorium.
When an electron and positron annihilate, both their masses are destroyed, creating two equal energy photons to preserve momentum. (a) Confirm that the annihilation equation
conserves charge, electron family number, and total number of nucleons. To do this, identify the values of each before and after the annihilation. (b) Find the energy of each
ray, assuming the electron and positron are initially nearly at rest. (c) Explain why the two
rays travel in exactly opposite directions if the center of mass of the electron-positron system is initially at rest.
(a)
(b) 0.511 MeV
(c) The two
rays must travel in exactly opposite directions in order to conserve momentum, since initially there is zero momentum if the center of mass is initially at rest.
Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for
decay given in the equation
. To do this, identify the values of each before and after the decay.
Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for
decay given in the equation
. To do this, identify the values of each before and after the decay.
Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for
decay given in the equation
. To do this, identify the values of each before and after the decay.
Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for electron capture given in the equation
. To do this, identify the values of each before and after the capture.
A rare decay mode has been observed in which
emits a
nucleus. (a) The decay equation is
. Identify the nuclide
. (b) Find the energy emitted in the decay. The mass of
is 222.015353 u.
(a) Write the complete
decay equation for
.
(b) Find the energy released in the decay.
(a)
(b) 4.87 MeV
(a) Write the complete
decay equation for
.
(b) Find the energy released in the decay.
(a) Write the complete
decay equation for the neutron. (b) Find the energy released in the decay.
(a)
(b) ) 0.783 MeV
(a) Write the complete
decay equation for
, a major waste product of nuclear reactors. (b) Find the energy released in the decay.
Calculate the energy released in the
decay of
, the equation for which is given in the text. The masses of
and
are 21.994434 and 21.991383 u, respectively.
(a) Write the complete
decay equation for
.
(b) Calculate the energy released in the decay. The masses of
and
are 11.011433 and 11.009305 u, respectively.
(a) Calculate the energy released in the
decay of
.
(b) What fraction of the mass of a single
is destroyed in the decay? The mass of
is 234.043593 u.
(c) Although the fractional mass loss is large for a single nucleus, it is difficult to observe for an entire macroscopic sample of uranium. Why is this?
(a) 4.274 MeV
(b)
(c) Since U-238 is a slowly decaying substance, only a very small number of nuclei decay on human timescales; therefore, although those nuclei that decay lose a noticeable fraction of their mass, the change in the total mass of the sample is not detectable for a macroscopic sample.
(a) Write the complete reaction equation for electron capture by
(b) Calculate the energy released.
(a) Write the complete reaction equation for electron capture by
.
(b) Calculate the energy released.
(a)
(b) 2.754 MeV
Questions & Answers
I'm interested in biological psychology and cognitive psychology
what does preconceived mean
How can I develope my cognitive domain
why is communication effective
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
please i need answer
Wekolamo
because it helps many people around the world to understand how to interact with other people and understand them well, for example at work (job).
Agreed 👍 There are many parts of our brains and behaviors, we really need to get to know. Blessings for everyone and happy Sunday!
ARC
A child is a member of community not society elucidate ?
Isn't practices worldwide, be it psychology, be it science. isn't much just a false belief of control over something the mind cannot truly comprehend?
compare and contrast skinner's perspective on personality development on freud
Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
war
explain how nature and nurture affect the development and later the productivity of an individual.
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
and having a good philosophy of the world is like a sandwich and a peanut butter 👍
Jonathan
generally amnesi how long yrs memory loss
interpersonal relationships
What would be the best educational aid(s) for gifted kids/savants?
treat them normal, if they want help then give them.
that will make everyone happy
Saurabh
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Source:
OpenStax, Physics 101. OpenStax CNX. Jan 07, 2013 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11479/1.1
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