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Kuns en kultuur

Graad 9

Uitdrukking en kommunikasie

Module 8

Subkulture met betrekking tot kuns en kultuur

VISUELE KUNS

Aktiwiteit 1 (individueel/groepwerk)

Om SUBKULTURE in terme van kuns en kultuur te kan identifiseer en die invloed daarvan op modes te kan bespreek

[LU 4.4]

  • LEESOPDRAG:

‘n Subkultuur is ‘n onderafdeling van ‘n spesifieke kultuur. In tradisioneel Westerse kulture is daar byvoorbeeld talle subkulture – dit het dikwels te doen met ‘n spesifieke tipe kleredrag, manier van praat, musiekvoorkeure en ‘n sekere tipe tydverdryf.

Subkulture word nie beperk tot sekere godsdienstige oorwegings of godsdienste nie. So is daar byvoorbeeld ‘ravers’, ‘skaters’, ‘surfers’, ‘punkers’, ‘grungers’, ‘metalheads’, ‘hackers’, ensovoorts.

Die tienerkultuur van vandag sluit beslis ‘n hele verskeidenheid van subkulture in. Een van die gewildste en mees invloedrykste subkulture onder die tieners is die Hip-Hopkultuur.

Gedurende die laat sewentigerjare het ‘n nuwe definitiewe klank in die strate van New York begin opklink. Dit was die klank van hip-hop en nou, meer as twintig jaar later, het dit ‘n wêreldwye kultuurkrag geword. Hip-Hopmusiek bestaan, eenvoudig gestel, uit ‘n platejoggie (DJ) wat ritmiese gedeeltes van verskeie albums op ‘n draaitafel meng terwyl ‘n ‘rapper’ oor die polsslag sy/haar kletsryme ‘rap’.

Maar Hip-Hop is ‘n kultuur in eie reg, met sy eie taal, liriese styl, visuele kuns (graffiti), dansbewegings en klerestyl.

Net soos by baie ander subkulture is Hip-Hop ook nie beperk tot sekere kultuurgroepe of geografiese gedeeltes nie en floreer beide in stedelike en landelike omgewings.

Hip-Hopmodes behels baie verskillende kleure, style en kreatiwiteit. In die Hip-Hopwêreld word dit ‘geur’ (smaak) genoem. Om dus geur te hê, moet jy volgens die nuutste mode geklee wees. Deurlopende kleredrag sluit in groot, los broeke, oorgroot atletiektruie en baie duur tekkies, gewoonlik Nikes. Ander groot handelsname wat aan Hip-Hop gekoppel word, is Versace, Tommy Hilfiger, Guess en Polo van Ralph Lauren. So het Snoop Doggy Dogg in 1994 byvoorbeeld in Saturday Night Live opgetree, geklee in Tommy Hilfiger klere van kop tot tone. Tommy Hilfiger se verkope het daardie jaar met $90 miljoen toegeneem! Ander rap-kunstenaars soos Q-Tip of A Tribe Called Quest het dit in lirieke uitgebasuin: “And others couldn’t figga, How me and Hilfigga, Used to move through with vigga.”

Teen 1993 was die rave-kultuur, wat in Manchester Engeland ontstaan het, ‘n nasionale fenomeen in die Verenigde State. Die musiek vir rave bestaan, amper soos by Hip-Hop, uit bestaande opnames wat dan deur ‘n DJ gemeng word. Mike Szabo, deel van die New York ravers, het die musiek so opgesom: “The music at raves is live. Although the source for the music is prerecorded, a disk jockey working at a mixing table is performing new music for a live audience.” Hierdie vermengingstegniek het ‘n groot invloed op die kuns, veral grafiese ontwerp, gehad.

Ontwerpers het toenemend bestaande beelde of prentjies en lettertipes begin manipuleer. Tipiese rave-ontwerpers het materiaal van advertensies, televisie, kommersiële verpakking, strokiesprente en andere geneem en binne ‘n paar uur drukkers verskaf met ‘n ‘nuwe’ ontwerp. Ontwerpers van strooibiljette (‘flyers’) het dikwels die spot gedryf met bekende handelsname om sodoende dit wat bekend aan die publiek is, te gebruik vir die promosie van ondergrondse, kwasi-‘geheime’ rave-gebeurtenisse. Hierdie proses is ontleen aan Popkuns (Populêre Kuns: ‘n beweging van die sestiger- en sewentigerjare) – in die rave-kultuur herontdek deur ‘n jonger generasie, gefassineer deur die moontlikhede wat kommersiële ikone bied om die houding van ‘n subkultuur oor te dra.

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Source:  OpenStax, Kuns en kultuur graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11066/1.1
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