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2.3 Good computing reports for computer ethics  (Page 19/4)

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This module present a version of the Social Impact Statement exercise developed by Charles Huff in "Practical Guidance for Teaching the Social Impact Statement (SIS)" from the Proceedings of the 1996 Symposium on Copmputers and the Quality of Life. This adaptation has been successfully used at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez for three years. Students, working in small groups of 4 - 5, select a computing system to study in detail with the objective of identifying and mitigating ethical and social problems that stem from conflicts in values embedded in the system and its surrounding societal context. This module is based on the assumptions that computing systems embody values and that there is an analogy between designing and problem solving in ethics. This module is being developed as a part of an NSF-funded project, "Collaborative Development of Ethics Across the Curriculum Resources and Sharing of Best Practices," NSF SES 0551779.

Good Computing Reports (From Charles Huff, "Practical Guidance for Teaching the Social Impact Statement (SIS).From Proceedings of the 1996 Symposium on Computers and the Quality of Life, pp. 86-89. New York, ACM Press.)

Key Links

1. Materials from Magic Copy Center: Good Computing: A Virtue Ethics Approach to Computer Ethics, ChapterTwo, Huff/Frey

2. www.computingcases.org

Goals:

1. To uncover ethical surprises in major design projects. (These are ethical issues—potential ethical problems—that are embedded in the design project.)

2. To communicate effectively to the client the importance of considering ethical issues and problemsassociated with design projects upstream in the design process. (This means raising ethical problems from the beginning of thedesign process and continuously throughout the design process. This is opposed to the idea of waiting until the design process isfinished to raise ethical issues.)

Four Presuppositions

1. Socio-technical systems and their components (hardware, software, physical surroundings,people/groups/roles, procedures, laws, data/data structures) embody values.

2. Computing technologies (CTs) are always embedded in socio-technical systems.

3. CTs instrument (magnify or augment) human action.

4. There is a close analogy between solving ethical and design problems:

The table below provides a summary of this analogy that helps to introduce the Software Development Cycle. For a more complete account of this analogy see Carolyn Whitbeck: http://onlineethics.org/essays/education/teaching.html (This link is attached above in this module.)

Analogy between ethical and design problems
Design Problem Ethical Problem
Construct a prototype that optimizes (or satisfices) designated specifications Construct a solution that realizes ethical values such as justice, responsibility, reasonableness, respect, andsafety)
Conflicts between specifications are resolved through integration Attempt to resolve conflicts between values (moral vs. moral, moral vs. non-moral) by integration
Designed products or services must be implemented over background constraints Ethical solutions must be implemented over resource, interest, and technical constraints.

Questions & Answers

what does the ideal gas law states
Joy Reply
Three charges q_{1}=+3\mu C, q_{2}=+6\mu C and q_{3}=+8\mu C are located at (2,0)m (0,0)m and (0,3) coordinates respectively. Find the magnitude and direction acted upon q_{2} by the two other charges.Draw the correct graphical illustration of the problem above showing the direction of all forces.
Kate Reply
To solve this problem, we need to first find the net force acting on charge q_{2}. The magnitude of the force exerted by q_{1} on q_{2} is given by F=\frac{kq_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} where k is the Coulomb constant, q_{1} and q_{2} are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.
Muhammed
What is the direction and net electric force on q_{1}= 5µC located at (0,4)r due to charges q_{2}=7mu located at (0,0)m and q_{3}=3\mu C located at (4,0)m?
Kate Reply
what is the change in momentum of a body?
Eunice Reply
what is a capacitor?
Raymond Reply
Capacitor is a separation of opposite charges using an insulator of very small dimension between them. Capacitor is used for allowing an AC (alternating current) to pass while a DC (direct current) is blocked.
Gautam
A motor travelling at 72km/m on sighting a stop sign applying the breaks such that under constant deaccelerate in the meters of 50 metres what is the magnitude of the accelerate
Maria Reply
please solve
Sharon
8m/s²
Aishat
What is Thermodynamics
Muordit
velocity can be 72 km/h in question. 72 km/h=20 m/s, v^2=2.a.x , 20^2=2.a.50, a=4 m/s^2.
Mehmet
A boat travels due east at a speed of 40meter per seconds across a river flowing due south at 30meter per seconds. what is the resultant speed of the boat
Saheed Reply
50 m/s due south east
Someone
which has a higher temperature, 1cup of boiling water or 1teapot of boiling water which can transfer more heat 1cup of boiling water or 1 teapot of boiling water explain your . answer
Ramon Reply
I believe temperature being an intensive property does not change for any amount of boiling water whereas heat being an extensive property changes with amount/size of the system.
Someone
Scratch that
Someone
temperature for any amount of water to boil at ntp is 100⁰C (it is a state function and and intensive property) and it depends both will give same amount of heat because the surface available for heat transfer is greater in case of the kettle as well as the heat stored in it but if you talk.....
Someone
about the amount of heat stored in the system then in that case since the mass of water in the kettle is greater so more energy is required to raise the temperature b/c more molecules of water are present in the kettle
Someone
definitely of physics
Haryormhidey Reply
how many start and codon
Esrael Reply
what is field
Felix Reply
physics, biology and chemistry this is my Field
ALIYU
field is a region of space under the influence of some physical properties
Collete
what is ogarnic chemistry
WISDOM Reply
determine the slope giving that 3y+ 2x-14=0
WISDOM
Another formula for Acceleration
Belty Reply
a=v/t. a=f/m a
IHUMA
innocent
Adah
pratica A on solution of hydro chloric acid,B is a solution containing 0.5000 mole ofsodium chlorid per dm³,put A in the burret and titrate 20.00 or 25.00cm³ portion of B using melting orange as the indicator. record the deside of your burret tabulate the burret reading and calculate the average volume of acid used?
Nassze Reply
how do lnternal energy measures
Esrael
Two bodies attract each other electrically. Do they both have to be charged? Answer the same question if the bodies repel one another.
JALLAH Reply
No. According to Isac Newtons law. this two bodies maybe you and the wall beside you. Attracting depends on the mass och each body and distance between them.
Dlovan
Are you really asking if two bodies have to be charged to be influenced by Coulombs Law?
Robert
like charges repel while unlike charges atttact
Raymond
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Source:  OpenStax, Modules linking to computing cases. OpenStax CNX. Jul 26, 2007 Download for free at http://legacy.cnx.org/content/col10423/1.2
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