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Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis

Graad 9

Sa vanaf 1948 tot 2000: nasionalisme

Module 6

Reaksies op die gebeure by sharpeville, 1960

Reaksies op die gebeure by Sharpeville, 1960

[LU 1, 2, 3]

BRON A

Stadsgebied naby Vereeniging in die Suid-Transvaal, waar die polisie op 2 Maart 1920 paniekbevange geraak en op ’n skare Pan-African Congress (PAC) anti-pas-betogers geskiet het. 69 Swartmense is gedood en 180 gewond. Die slagting is wêreldwyd veroordeel. “n Week later is die PAC en ANC verban en ’n noodtoestand afgekondig. Die krisis het gelei tot ’n uitvloei van kapitaal en vaardigheid, en tot groter internasionale druk op Suid-Afrika om sy apartheids­beleid te verander, maar na slegs ’n oomblik van twyfel, het die regering op dieselfde pad voortgegaan. Sharpeville bly steeds ’n simbool van apartheid se brute geweld.

(C.C. Sanders: An Illustrated Dictionary of South African History, 1994 )

BRON B: Die Regering se antwoord in die Parlement

Dr. Verwoerd het besonderhede oor die opstande aan die Parlement verskaf. Hy het gesê dat ongeveer 2 000 Afrikane betoog het, deur huise binne te storm en met geweld mense se identiteitsboeke te verwyder.

Die skare het geleidelik aangegroei totdat daar ongeveer 20 000 was. Telefoon­drade is gesny en oproer het plaasgevind. Die polisie moes begin skiet en 25 mense is gedood en 50 gewond. Dr. Verwoerd het gesê dat hierdie feite en getalle voorlopig was.

( Aangehaal uit : Cape Times, Dinsdag, 22 Maart 1960 )

BRON C: Sekondêre Bron – 500 jaar, CFJ Muller (1987)

Volgens Robert Sobukwe sou dit slegs die begin wees van ’n versetveldtog, wat sodanig in geweld sou groei, dat die PAC binne drie jaar die land sou kon oorneem.

In opdrag van die PAC het groepe Afrikane in verskillende dele van die land hulle passe op 21 Maart 1960 verbrand en daarna na die naaste polisiestasie opgeruk en geeïs om in hegtenis geneem te word. In die meeste woongebiede was die protesveldtog vreedsaam en die polisie het óf die Afrikane wat daaraan deelgeneem het gearresteer, óf hulle beveel om weg te gaan. In Sharpeville naby Vereeniging en in Langa naby Kaapstad het die protesveldtog egter tot bloedvergieting gelei. In Sharpeville het ongeveer 10 000 Afrikane om die polisiekantoor saamgedring. Die polisie het bedreig gevoel en met masjiengewere losgebrand. Die skare het uiteengespat. In die skietery is 69 gedood en 198 gewond. Volgens die lykskouing is die meeste van die mense wat aan koeëlwonde beswyk het, in die rug geskiet, d.w.s. nadat hulle alreeds op die vlug geslaan het..

BRON D

’n Verklaring deur mnr. Van Rhyn, Suid-Afrikaanse Hoë Kommissaris in Londen, na die skietery (Shooting in Sharpeville: The Agony of South Africa, Gollancz, London)

Volgens feitelike inligting tans beskikbaar, het Maandag se onluste te Sharpe­ville gespruit uit ’n beplande betoging van ongeveer 20 000 naturelle, waar­tydens betogers die polisie met ’n verskeidenheid van wapens, insluitend vuur­wapens, aangeval het. Die betogers het eerste begin skiet en die polisie was uit selfverdediging verplig om terug te vuur en sodoende nog tragieser gevolge te verhoed. Die bewerings van die VVO se Afro-Asiatiese groepe, waarin hulle ’n vergadering van die Veiligheidsraad aanvra, en sê dat die betogings ongewapen en vreedsaam was, is dus heeltemal onwaar…

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
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can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
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Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
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Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
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A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
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Source:  OpenStax, Geskiedenis graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 14, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11062/1.1
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