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- Aardrykskunde graad 9
- Kwartaal 2
- Omgewingstelortein suid-afrika
|
Jaar |
Grootte(duisende) en Groeitempo (%) |
Landelik |
Stedelik |
Informele nedersettings |
Totaal |
1985 |
4,281 |
2,592 |
1,143 |
8,019 |
1990 |
4,518 (1.1%) |
2,936 (2.5%) |
1,419 (4.4%) |
8,874 (2,0%) |
1995 |
4,747 (1.0%) |
3,400 (3.0%) |
1,733 (4.1%) |
9,882 (2,2%) |
Bron: Doug Hindson and Jeff McCarthy "Defining and Gauging the Problem" in
Here to Stay: Informal Settlements in KwaZulu-Natal , eds. Doug Hindson and JeffMcCarthy (Dalbridge: Indicator Press, 1994), 2. |
- Hierdie groei in die swart bevolking sal uit die aard van die saak die tekort aan grond vererger. In die apartheid-era was die bevolkingsdigtheid in die tuislande 10 keer hoër as in die ‘wit’ dele. Die toestand in die tuislande was die gevolg van gedwonge migrasie: dit het die bevolking laat groei van 4,5 miljoen in 1960 tot 11 miljoen in 1980. Die grootte van die tuislande het egter onveranderd gebly.
- Bykomend tot hierdie inwaartse migrasie was die geboortesyfer in die tuislande besonder hoog. Dit word deur sommiges aan gebrekkige onderwys, gesondheidsorg, gesinsbeplanning en versekerde bronne van bestaansmiddele toegeskryf. Geslagsdiskriminasie het ook hiertoe bygedra. Die geboortesyfer van 1985 tot 1990 was ‘n geskatte 5,12 per vrou. Navorsing het getoon dat vroue wat nie in ‘n vaste betrekking met ‘n salaris staan nie, minder besluitnemingsgesag in hul gesinne het. Dit, saam met die waarde wat kinders bied vir werk wat gedoen moet word, soos die bymekaarmaak van vuurmaakhout en die oppas van diere, lei dit tot hoë geboortesyfers.
Tabel 5: Bevolkingsvoorkoms, KwaZulu-Natal, 1992 |
|
Bevolking |
|
Duisende |
% van totaal |
Stedelik |
2,290 |
24,7 |
Dorpe |
350 |
3,8 |
Totale stedelike nedersetting |
2,640 |
28,5 |
Informeel voorstedelik |
1,550 |
16,7 |
Informeel dorpe |
470 |
5,1 |
Oorgangs (landelik/stedelik) |
400 |
4,3 |
|
|
|
Totaal stedelik informeel |
2,420 |
26,1 |
Totaal stedelik |
5,060 |
54,6 |
Totaal landelik |
4,210 |
45,4 |
|
|
|
Groottotaal |
9,270 |
100,0 |
Bron : Doug Hindson and Jeff McCarthy "Defining and Gauging the Problem," 3. |
4.
Beskikbaarheidsgedrewe tekorte
- Die apartheidsregering het die tuislande in brose omgewings met swak bogrond geplaas. Hierdie omgewings kon nie die landbouproduksie wat deur die bevolking benodig was, dra nie. Die gevolg was drastiese erosie. Per kapita-voedselproduksie in die tuislande het geval en voedsel moes ingevoer word sonder dat enigiets uitgevoer kon word. Navorsing toon dat Suid-Afrika se verlies aan bogrond 20 keer hoër is as die wêreldgemiddeld. Kundiges skat dat Suid-Afrika sedert die jaar 1900, 25% van sy bogrond verloor het en dat 55% van die land deur woestyngroei bedreig word. Dit terwyl landbouproduksie van kernbelang is omdat Suid-Afrika se voedselbehoeftes na verwagting teen die jaar 2020 sal verdubbel.
- Ontbossing is ‘n belangrike vorm van beskikbaarheidsgedrewe omgewingstekort. Die destabilisering van grond en veranderende plaaslike watersiklusse, ontwrig die ekologiese balans. Ongelukkig bly vuurmaakhout die mees beskikbare en goedkoop energiebron vir baie swartes in landelike gebiede, en dit lei tot ontbossing. In die afgelope 50 jaar het 200 van KwaZulu se woude verdwyn.
- ‘n Ander probleem is die skaarste aan en degradering van water. Suid-Afrika is ‘n waterarm land: 12 tot 16 miljoen mense het nie toegang tot water wat geskik is vir die vul van houers nie. Ongeveer 70% van die swartes in stedelike gebiede het nie toegang tot lopende water nie en is dus aangewese op besmette riviersisteme vir hul daaglikse behoeftes. Ongeveer 21 miljoen mense benodig voldoende sanitasie. Industriële besoedeling bedreig die kwaliteit van rivier- en ondergrondse water. Die gesondheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing in die breë word bedreig.
Questions & Answers
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what is defense mechanisms
Chinaza
I'm interested in biological psychology and cognitive psychology
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How can I develope my cognitive domain
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Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
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miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
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Wekolamo
because it helps many people around the world to understand how to interact with other people and understand them well, for example at work (job).
Agreed 👍 There are many parts of our brains and behaviors, we really need to get to know. Blessings for everyone and happy Sunday!
ARC
A child is a member of community not society elucidate ?
Isn't practices worldwide, be it psychology, be it science. isn't much just a false belief of control over something the mind cannot truly comprehend?
compare and contrast skinner's perspective on personality development on freud
Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
war
explain how nature and nurture affect the development and later the productivity of an individual.
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
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Jonathan
generally amnesi how long yrs memory loss
interpersonal relationships
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Source:
OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 14, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11054/1.1
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