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Twenty students were asked how many hours they worked per day. Their responses, in hours, are listed below:
Below is a frequency table listing the different data values in ascending order and their frequencies.
| DATA VALUE | FREQUENCY |
|---|---|
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 5 |
| 4 | 3 |
| 5 | 6 |
| 6 | 2 |
| 7 | 1 |
A frequency is the number of times a given datum occurs in a data set. According to the table above, there are three students who work 2 hours, five students who work 3 hours, etc. The total of the frequency column, 20, represents the total number of students included in the sample.
A relative frequency is the fraction or proportion of times an answer occurs. To find the relative frequencies, divide each frequency by the total number of students in the sample - in this case, 20. Relative frequencies can be written as fractions, percents, or decimals.
| DATA VALUE | FREQUENCY | RELATIVE FREQUENCY |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 3 | or 0.15 |
| 3 | 5 | or 0.25 |
| 4 | 3 | or 0.15 |
| 5 | 6 | or 0.30 |
| 6 | 2 | or 0.10 |
| 7 | 1 | or 0.05 |
The sum of the relative frequency column is , or 1.
Cumulative relative frequency is the accumulation of the previous relative frequencies. To find the cumulative relative frequencies, add all the previous relative frequencies to the relative frequency for the current row.
| DATA VALUE | FREQUENCY | RELATIVE
FREQUENCY |
CUMULATIVE RELATIVE
FREQUENCY |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 3 | or 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 3 | 5 | or 0.25 | 0.15 + 0.25 = 0.40 |
| 4 | 3 | or 0.15 | 0.40 + 0.15 = 0.55 |
| 5 | 6 | or 0.30 | 0.55 + 0.30 = 0.85 |
| 6 | 2 | or 0.10 | 0.85 + 0.10 = 0.95 |
| 7 | 1 | or 0.05 | 0.95 + 0.05 = 1.00 |
The last entry of the cumulative relative frequency column is one, indicating that one hundred percent of the data has been accumulated.
The following table represents the heights, in inches, of a sample of 100 male semiprofessional soccer players.
| HEIGHTS
(INCHES) |
FREQUENCY | RELATIVE
FREQUENCY |
CUMULATIVE
RELATIVE FREQUENCY |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total = 100 | Total = 1.00 | ||
| 59.95 - 61.95 | 5 | = 0.05 | 0.05 |
| 61.95 - 63.95 | 3 | = 0.03 | 0.05 + 0.03 = 0.08 |
| 63.95 - 65.95 | 15 | = 0.15 | 0.08 + 0.15 = 0.23 |
| 65.95 - 67.95 | 40 | = 0.40 | 0.23 + 0.40 = 0.63 |
| 67.95 - 69.95 | 17 | = 0.17 | 0.63 + 0.17 = 0.80 |
| 69.95 - 71.95 | 12 | = 0.12 | 0.80 + 0.12 = 0.92 |
| 71.95 - 73.95 | 7 | = 0.07 | 0.92 + 0.07 = 0.99 |
| 73.95 - 75.95 | 1 | = 0.01 | 0.99 + 0.01 = 1.00 |
The data in this table has been grouped into the following intervals:
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