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Wiskunde

Graad 5

Gewone breuke en desimale breuke

Module 35

Om gewone breuke te herken en te klassifiseer

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om gewone breuke te herken en te klassifiseer ten einde hulle te vergelyk [lu 1.3.2]

VERWANTSKAPSTEKENS (<;>; =)

1. Vergelyk die volgende breuke en vul dan<;>of = in:

1.1 3 5 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{5} } } } {} 7 10 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{"10"} } } } {}

1.2 1 3 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{3} } } } {} 1 4 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{4} } } } {}

1.3 5 8 size 12{ { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{8} } } } {} 1 2 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{2} } } } {}

1.4 1 7 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{7} } } } {} 1 5 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{5} } } } {}

1.5 3 4 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{4} } } } {} 6 8 size 12{ { { size 8{6} } over { size 8{8} } } } {}

1.6 3 8 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{8} } } } {} 1 2 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{2} } } } {}

1.7 3 4 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{4} } } } {} 9 12 size 12{ { { size 8{9} } over { size 8{"12"} } } } {}

1.8 3 5 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{5} } } } {} 7 10 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{"10"} } } } {}

1.9 2 11 size 12{ { { size 8{2} } over { size 8{"11"} } } } {} 1 12 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{"12"} } } } {}

1.10 12 12 size 12{ { { size 8{"12"} } over { size 8{"12"} } } } {} 9 9 size 12{ { { size 8{9} } over { size 8{9} } } } {}

2. Vergelyk weer die volgende breuke en omkring dan die grootste een in elk van die volgende:

2.1 1 2 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{2} } } } {} ; 3 4 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{4} } } } {}

2.2 2 3 size 12{ { { size 8{2} } over { size 8{3} } } } {} ; 3 6 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{6} } } } {}

2.3 3 5 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{5} } } } {} ; 9 10 size 12{ { { size 8{9} } over { size 8{"10"} } } } {}

2.4 1 2 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{2} } } } {} ; 2 6 size 12{ { { size 8{2} } over { size 8{6} } } } {}

2.5 3 8 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{8} } } } {} ; 1 2 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{2} } } } {}

2.6 4 5 size 12{ { { size 8{4} } over { size 8{5} } } } {} ; 4 10 size 12{ { { size 8{4} } over { size 8{"10"} } } } {}

Klasbespreking

HOE kan ons bogenoemde Wiskundig bepaal as ons nie ’n diagram het om na te kyk nie?

3. In die volgende aktiwiteit sal jy sien hoe belangrik jou kennis van ekwivalente breuke is, want as jy dit onder die knie het, is dit sommer kinderspeletjies om die breuke met mekaar te vergelyk.

Gebruik die reël soos julle dit in jul klasbespreking bepaal het, en vul<;>of = in:

3.1 3 5 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{5} } } } {} 7 15 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{"15"} } } } {}

3.2 7 11 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{"11"} } } } {} 13 22 size 12{ { { size 8{"13"} } over { size 8{"22"} } } } {}

3.3 5 9 size 12{ { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{9} } } } {} 15 27 size 12{ { { size 8{"15"} } over { size 8{"27"} } } } {}

3.4 5 6 size 12{ { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{6} } } } {} 20 24 size 12{ { { size 8{"20"} } over { size 8{"24"} } } } {}

4. Gebruik nou jul kennis en vul in:<;>of = :

4.1 4 5 size 12{ { { size 8{4} } over { size 8{5} } } } {} 5 6 size 12{ { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{6} } } } {}

4.2 2 3 size 12{ { { size 8{2} } over { size 8{3} } } } {} 4 5 size 12{ { { size 8{4} } over { size 8{5} } } } {}

4.3 5 6 size 12{ { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{6} } } } {} 7 9 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{9} } } } {}

4.4 7 8 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{8} } } } {} 6 7 size 12{ { { size 8{6} } over { size 8{7} } } } {}

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om te bereken deur seleksie en gebruik van bewerkings [lu 1.8.3]

1. Verdeel in groepe van drie. Kyk of julle die volgende probleme kan oplos.

1.1 Gizelle en haar tweelingbroer, Donovan, kry elke maand sakgeld. Gizelle spaar twee sesdes van haar sakgeld. Donovan spaar vier negendes van syne. Wie spaar die meeste as hul ewe veel sakgeld kry?

1.2 Ma bak graag pannekoeke. Sy gee ‘n driekwart aan Jake en sy vriende om te eet. Hierna bak Ma dieselfde hoeveelheid pannekoeke. Sy stuur vier vyfdes daarvan skool toe vir Dimitri en sy maats om te geniet. Wie het die meeste pannekoeke by Ma gekry?

1.3 Vusi en Sipho skryf dieselfde toets. Vusi het vier sewendes van die vrae reg beantwoord. Sipho het vyf agstes korrek. Wie het die beste in die toets gevaar?

1.4 Twee taxi’s vervoer passasiers tussen Johannesburg en Pretoria. Die een taxi is twee derdes vol, terwyl die ander een driekwart vol is. Watter taxi vervoer die meeste passasiers?

2. Elke groep kry nou die geleentheid om hul oplossings vir die probleme met die res van die klas te deel.

3. Hou ‘n klasgesprek oor die beste metode om dié soort probleem op te los.

Nog ’n KOPKRAPPER!

Rangskik die volgende breuke van groot na klein:

2 3 size 12{ { { size 8{2} } over { size 8{3} } } } {} ; 1 2 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{2} } } } {} ; 5 6 size 12{ { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{6} } } } {} ; 7 9 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{9} } } } {}

VEREENVOUDIGING

Het jy geweet?

Om ’n breuk in sy eenvoudigste vorm te skryf, deel ons die teller en die noemer deur dieselfde getal. Die waarde van die breuk verander nie, want ons deel eintlik die breuk deur 1.

Bv. 18 24 size 12{ { {"18"} over {"24"} } } {}
6
6
= 3 4 size 12{ { {3} over {4} } } {} en 10 15 size 12{ { {"10"} over {"15"} } } {}
5
5
= 2 3 size 12{ { {2} over {3} } } {}

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om gewone breuke te vereenvoudig [lu 1.3.2]

1. Noudat jy weet hoe om ‘n breuk te vereenvoudig, kyk of jy die volgende tabel kan voltooi:

Breuk deur Vereenvoudig
Bv. 18 27 size 12{ { { size 8{"18"} } over { size 8{"27"} } } } {} 9 9 size 12{ { { size 8{9} } over { size 8{9} } } } {} 2 3 size 12{ { { size 8{2} } over { size 8{3} } } } {}
1.1 40 45 size 12{ { { size 8{"40"} } over { size 8{"45"} } } } {} .................. ..................
1.2 15 25 size 12{ { { size 8{"15"} } over { size 8{"25"} } } } {} .................. ..................
1.3 12 16 size 12{ { { size 8{"12"} } over { size 8{"16"} } } } {} .................. ..................
1.4 24 30 size 12{ { { size 8{"24"} } over { size 8{"30"} } } } {} .................. ..................
1.5 48 54 size 12{ { { size 8{"48"} } over { size 8{"54"} } } } {} .................. ..................

Aktiwiteit 4:

Om ‘n reeks tegnieke te gebruik om berekeninge te doen [lu 1.10.3]

1. Kom ons rond nou gemengde getalle af tot die naaste heelgetal. Verbind die getal in kolom A met die korrekte antwoord in kolom B.

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 5. OpenStax CNX. Sep 07, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10993/1.1
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