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To begin, select the option that searches the entire content of the article just below the text box. This way we will be searching the entire archive for our key terms, rather than just the headlines, leaving no stone unturned.
We will be asking the search engine to locate articles that contain all of the keywords that we enter into the text box. By simply entering "Gordon" weare offered 243,551 articles. We would like to cast a wide net, but not that wide. We are going to have to limit our search to get what we are after. Let's look againat "The Egyptian Red Book" to hone our research strategy.
On page 7 we see that the first entry is dated September 1882, the month "Mr. Gladstone's Government invade[d]Egypt." The last entry is dated 26th January, 1885, the day of General Gordon's death. Let us say, then, that the type of story we are looking for would not havebeen published before 1882 and, being a daily paper, not for too many years after the death of Gordon in 1885. We can narrow our search results, then, by restrictingour search to 1880-1890.
We notice on the first page of "The Egyptian Red Book" that Sudan is spelled "Soudan." If that is the common spelling of the region at the time, our search will turn upvery little if we enter today's spelling. "Khartoum," the capital of Sudan, can also be spelled Khartum. We may find more results if we use the spelling preferred by thewriters of the late nineteenth century in searching their daily papers.
Notice that we can either search for all the words together by including the word "and" between each of our keywords, or look for every article that contains at least one of our keywords by entering the word "or" between eachkeyword. We will use "and" to limit our results and make sure that all of our words are in every article. (Most search engines default to "and" if no specificparameters are given.)
Let's begin where "The Egyptian Red Book" begins and look for a Times response to the invasion of Egypt in September 1882. As a keyword, "egypt" alonewill be too broad. We will include the term "mahdi," the person or group the British seem to be going to Egypt to fight. We are offered 934 articles. Notice, however,that we can choose what sort of articles we want to look at. Let's begin with News.
Our list begins in the 1880's. The first article to jump right out is entitled "Egypt," written in February of 1882. Selecting Article will bring up the specific article on the page with each of our keywords marked in purple. Scrolling through the article we come across thefollowing passage. The article says that "Egypt, in fact, is in the hands of one man, Arabi Bey. The new Ministry is formed by him and by him only..... The people treat himwith superstitious respect. Some hold him to be a direct descendent of the Prophet; others treat him as one inspired; a few think he may be El-Mahdi, the sacred Iman solong expected, who will restore Islam to its pristine glory." From this we get a better idea of who this Mahdi is and how he figures into our story.The "Red Book" reports that on 22nd Nov., 1883 : "Hicks whole army destroyed. 13,000 massacred." On November 23, 1883, the Times published the following article: The article reports that the Mahdi annihilated Hicks Pasha and his army of 11,000 men in Sudan. We are able to follow the entire story as it plays out by comparing the Times' accounts of events in Sudan with the way "The Egyptian Red Book" presents thesame events. Let's just skip to the end of this tale by seeing how the Times responded to the death of Gordon. We will use the keywords Khartoum and Gordon tofind our article. We find scrolling through the articles that the Times did not publish news of Gordon's death until February 11, 1885. Further down we find an obituary for General Gordon of over nine thousand words, detailing his life and career.
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