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Sosiale wetenskappe: geskiedenis

Graad 6

Ontwikkeling van die mediese wetenskap

Module 3

Pasteur en lister oorwin kieme

Virusse, kieme en bakterieë is onsigbaar en is oral in die lug om ons teenwoordig. Wetenskaplikes sê dat virusse miljoen keer kleiner is as 'n millimeter. Ons asem elke dag baie virusse in, maar gelukkig word ons nie altyd siek nie. (Ek wonder wat 'n rekenaarvirus is?)

Die persoon wat uitgevind het hoe siektes werklik veroorsaak word, is Louis Pasteur. Hy het vasgestel dat die lug om ons vol kieme is, kieme wat so klein is dat dit net met 'n sterk mikroskoop sigbaar is. Hierdie kieme veroorsaak dat, onder meer, kos en melk gou sleg word as dit nie op die regte manier bewaar word nie.

Die ontdekking van die proses wat Pasteur beroemd gemaak het, dra ook sy naam: pasteurisasie. Hy het bewys dat voedsel lank bewaar kan word as dit kiemvry is. Hy het gevind dat as melk verhit word tot onderkant kookpunt en weer dadelik afgekoel word, die kieme of bakterieë daarin doodgaan. Hierdie proses word pasteurisasie genoem en word vandag in melkerye gebruik.

Hierdie ontdekking het gemaak dat feitlik alle kossoorte, bv. vleis, vis, groente en vrugte kiemvry in houers of blikkies ingemaak kan word. Die voedsel word in die blik gekook totdat dit kiemvry is en dan verseël. Hierdie voedsel kan lank veilig bewaar word.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Hoe om bronne te bekom en te gebruik

[lu 1.2, 2.1]

KLASGESPREK

a) Gebruik meegaande vrae om die gesprek te begin. Daarna kan jul jul eie vrae vra!

  • Watter melk is die veiligste om te drink: die melk in ‘n houer in die kafee, of die heerlike vars melk wat op ‘n plaas gekoop word en direk van die koeie kom? Hoekom?
  • Sê hoe jul melk kiemvry kan maak.
  • Soek vyf voedselitems in jul huis en kyk op die etikette of dit gepasteuriseer is.
  • Hoekom hou blikkieskos lank?

b) Navorsing

Die entstof teen die gevreesde hondsdolheid is seker een van Pasteur se belangrikste ontdekkings. Hy kon nie die oorsaak van die siekte vasstel nie, want die virus was te klein om met sy mikroskoop waar te neem. Hy het egter entstof uit die rugmurg van besmette hase gemaak om mense te behandel wat deur dol honde gebyt is. Die entstof het hy op 6 Julie 1885 op ‘n negejarige seun, Joseph Meister, wat drie dae tevore deur ‘n dol hond gebyt is, gebruik. Die seun het gesond geword en die entstof was ‘n groot sukses. Verder moet jy self in ‘n boek gaan naslaan wat gebeur het …

Verskaf die spesifieke woord(e) wat jou gehelp het om die res van bg. inligting te bekom in die:

  • Inhoudsopgawe
  • Indeks

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om te verstaan dat verskillende sieninge oor pasteur reg of verkeerd kan wees

[lu 2.1]

Louis Pasteur wil graag hierdie entstof teen hondsdolheid vir die eerste keer op ‘n mens toets.

  • Verduidelik namens hom wat die moontlikhede kan wees indien die eksperiment slaag.
  • Wat gaan sy alternatiewe wees as dit misluk?
  • Watter keuse het Pasteur gemaak?
  • Wat sou jy gedoen het? Hoekom?

Hou ‘n klasgesprek oor die volgende en voltooi dan die opdragte.

  • Watter lewensles wil hy vir ons leer?
  • Noem vier mooi eienskappe van Pasteur.
  • Jy word gevra om ‘n inskripsie op ‘n gedenksteen wat vir Louis Pasteur opgerig gaan word, te skryf. Skryf dit in die raam hieronder.

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
Aislinn Reply
cm
tijani
what is titration
John Reply
what is physics
Siyaka Reply
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Jude Reply
Can you compute that for me. Ty
Jude
what is the dimension formula of energy?
David Reply
what is viscosity?
David
what is inorganic
emma Reply
what is chemistry
Youesf Reply
what is inorganic
emma
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
Adjei
please, I'm a physics student and I need help in physics
Adjanou
chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
Krampah Reply
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
Sahid Reply
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
Ryan
what's motion
Maurice Reply
what are the types of wave
Maurice
answer
Magreth
progressive wave
Magreth
hello friend how are you
Muhammad Reply
fine, how about you?
Mohammed
hi
Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
yasuo Reply
Who can show me the full solution in this problem?
Reofrir Reply
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Source:  OpenStax, Geskiedenis graad 6. OpenStax CNX. Sep 08, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11008/1.1
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