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Political pollsters may be interested in the proportion of people that will vote for a particular cause. Define the following in terms of the study. Give examples where appropriate.

  • Population
  • Sample
  • Parameter
  • Statistic
  • Variable
  • Data

A marketing company is interested in the proportion of people that will buy a particular product. Define the following in terms of the study. Give examples where appropriate.

  • Population
  • Sample
  • Parameter
  • Statistic
  • Variable
  • Data
  • All people (maybe in a certain geographic area, such as the United States)
  • A group of the people
  • The proportion of all people who will buy the product
  • The proportion of the sample who will buy the product
  • X = the number of people who will buy it
  • buy, not buy

Airline companies are interested in the consistency of the number of babies on each flight, so that they have adequate safety equipment. Suppose an airline conducts a survey. Over Thanksgiving weekend, it surveys 6 flights from Boston to Salt Lake City to determine the number of babies on the flights. It determines the amount of safety equipment needed by the result of that study.

  • Using complete sentences, list three things wrong with the way the survey was conducted.
  • Using complete sentences, list three ways that you would improve the survey if it were to be repeated.

Suppose you want to determine the average number of students per statistics class in your state. Describe a possible sampling method in 3 – 5 complete sentences. Make the description detailed.

Suppose you want to determine the average number of cans of soda drunk each month by persons in their twenties. Describe a possible sampling method in 3 - 5 complete sentences. Make the description detailed.

A “random survey” was conducted of 3274 people of the “microprocessor generation” (people born since 1971, the year the microprocessor was invented). It was reported that 48% of those individuals surveyed stated that if they had $2000 to spend, they would use it for computer equipment. Also, 66% of those surveyed considered themselves relatively savvy computer users. ( Source: San Jose Mercury News )

  • Do you consider the sample size large enough for a study of this type? Why or why not?
  • Based on your “gut feeling,” do you believe the percents accurately reflect the U.S. population for those individuals born since 1971? If not, do you think the percents of the population are actually higher or lower than the sample statistics? Why?

Additional information: The survey was reported by Intel Corporation of individuals who visited the Los Angeles Convention Center to see the Smithsonian Institure's road show called “America’s Smithsonian.”

  • With this additional information, do you feel that all demographic and ethnic groups were equally represented at the event? Why or why not?
  • With the additional information, comment on how accurately you think the sample statistics reflect the population parameters.
  • List some practical difficulties involved in getting accurate results from a telephone survey.
  • List some practical difficulties involved in getting accurate results from a mailed survey.
  • With your classmates, brainstorm some ways to overcome these problems if you needed to conduct a phone or mail survey.

Try these multiple choice questions

The next four questions refer to the following: A Lake Tahoe Community College instructor is interested in the average number of days Lake Tahoe Community College math students are absent from class during a quarter.

What is the population she is interested in?

  • All Lake Tahoe Community College students
  • All Lake Tahoe Community College English students
  • All Lake Tahoe Community College students in her classes
  • All Lake Tahoe Community College math students

D

Consider the following:

X = number of days a Lake Tahoe Community College math student is absent

In this case, X is an example of a:

  • Variable
  • Population
  • Statistic
  • Data

A

The instructor takes her sample by gathering data on 5 randomly selected students from each Lake Tahoe Community College math class. The type of sampling she used is

  • Cluster sampling
  • Stratified sampling
  • Simple random sampling
  • Convenience sampling

B

The instructor’s sample produces an average number of days absent of 3.5 days. This value is an example of a

  • Parameter
  • Data
  • Statistic
  • Variable

C

The next three questions refer to the following: A study was done to determine the age, number of times per week and the duration (amount of time) of resident use of a local park in San Jose. The first house in the neighborhood around the park was selected randomly and then every 8th house in the neighborhood around the park was interviewed.

‘Number of times per week’
is what type of data?

  • qualitative
  • quantitative - discrete
  • quantitative - continuous

B

The sampling method was:

  • simple random
  • systematic
  • stratified
  • cluster

B

‘Duration (amount of time)’
is what type of data?

  • qualitative
  • quantitative - discrete
  • quantitative - continuous

C

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Source:  OpenStax, Elementary statistics. OpenStax CNX. Dec 30, 2013 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10966/1.4
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