Logic provides a way to talk about
truth and correctness in a rigourous way,so that we can prove things, rather than
make intelligent guesses and just hope they are correct.
The ancient Greeks loved to hang around on the
stoa ,
sip some wine, and debate.But at the end of the day, they wanted to sit back and
decide who had won the argument.When Socrates
claims that one statement
follows from another, is it actually so?Shouldn't there be some set of rules to officially determine
when an argument is correct?Thus began the formal study of logic.
The three fundamental studies were the
Trivium grammar (words), logic (reasoning), and rhetoric (effective communication).These allowed study of the
Quadrivium arithmetic (patterns in number),geometry (patterns in space),
music (patterns in tone), andastronomy (patterns in time).
All together, these subjects comprise
the seven liberal arts .
These issues are of course still with us today.
And while it might be difficult to codify real-worldarguments about (say) gun-control laws,
programs
can be
fully formalized, and correctness can be specified.We'll look at three examples where formal proofs are applicable:
playing a simple game, WaterWorld;
checking a program for type errors;
circuit verification.
Many other areas of computer science routinely involve proofs, although
we won't explore them here.Manufacturing robots first prove that they can twist and move to
where they need to go before doing so, in order to avoid crashing intowhat they're building.
When programming a collection of client and server computers,we usually want to prove that the manner in which they communicate guarantees
that no clients are always ignored.Optimizing compilers prove that, within your program, some faster piece of
code behaves the same as and can replace what you wrote.With software systems controlling more and more life-critical applications,
it's important to be able to
prove that a program always does what it claims.
Waterworld
Consider a game called WaterWorld, where each location is either
empty sea or contains a pirate.When you enter a location, you must
correctly anticipate whether or not it contains pirates.
If you correctly anticipate open sea, you are able to enter and
determine how many of the (up to 3) adjacent locations containa pirate.
If you correctly anticipate a pirate, the location
is tagged as dangerous, and you gather no further information.
Furthermore, there are really two types of moves:
guesses, and assertions.If you make an assertion, then even if you happen to be correct but
it is possible you could have been wrong, then it is an error.Also, it is an error if you make a guess about a location
if it is actually possible to assert a location's contents.The interesting fact about these types of games is that while
sometimes guesses are necessary (when?),surprisingly often an assertion can be made.
A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
Adjei
please, I'm a physics student and I need help in physics
Adjanou
chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
