<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >

Using the combined gas law

  1. An enclosed gas(i.e. one in a sealed container) has a volume of 300 cm 3 and a temperature of 300 K . The pressure of the gas is 50 kPa . Calculate the number of moles of gas that are present in the container.
  2. What pressure will 3 mol of gaseous nitrogen exert if it is pumped into a container that has a volume of 25 dm 3 at a temperature of 29 0 C ?
  3. The volume of air inside a tyre is 19 litres and the temperature is 290 K . You check the pressure of your tyres and find that the pressure is 190 kPa . How many moles of air are present in the tyre?
  4. Compressed carbon dioxide is contained within a gas cylinder at a pressure of 700 kPa. The temperature of the gas in the cylinder is 310 K and the number of moles of gas is 13 mols of carbon dioxide. What is the volume of the gas inside the cylinder?

Molar concentrations of liquids

A typical solution is made by dissolving some solid substance in a liquid. The amount of substance that is dissolved in a given volume of liquid is known as the concentration of the liquid. Mathematically, concentration (C) is defined as moles of solute (n) per unit volume (V) of solution.

C = n V

For this equation, the units for volume are dm 3 . Therefore, the unit of concentration is mol · dm - 3 . When concentration is expressed in mol · dm - 3 it is known as the molarity (M) of the solution. Molarity is the most common expression for concentration.

Do not confuse molarity (M) with molar mass (M). Look carefully at the question in which the M appears to determine whether it is concentration or molar mass.
Concentration

Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given volume of liquid. It is measured in mol · dm - 3 . Another term that is used for concentration is molarity (M)

If 3,5 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is dissolved in 2,5 dm 3 of water, what is the concentration of the solution in mol · dm - 3 ?

  1. n = m M = 3 , 5 40 = 0 , 0875 mol
  2. C = n V = 0 , 0875 2 , 5 = 0 , 035

    The concentration of the solution is 0,035 mol · dm - 3 or 0,035 M

You have a 1 dm 3 container in which to prepare a solution of potassium permanganate ( KMnO 4 ). What mass of KMnO 4 is needed to make a solution with a concentration of 0,2 M ?

  1. C = n V

    therefore

    n = C × V = 0 , 2 × 1 = 0 , 2 mol
  2. m = n × M = 0 , 2 × 158 , 04 = 31 , 61 g

    The mass of KMnO 4 that is needed is 31,61 g .

How much sodium chloride (in g) will one need to prepare 500 cm 3 of solution with a concentration of 0,01 M ?

  1. V = 500 1 000 = 0 , 5 dm 3
  2. n = C × V = 0 , 01 × 0 , 5 = 0 , 005 mol
  3. m = n × M = 0 , 005 × 58 , 45 = 0 , 29 g

    The mass of sodium chloride needed is 0,29 g

Molarity and the concentration of solutions

  1. 5,95 g of potassium bromide was dissolved in 400 cm 3 of water. Calculate its molarity.
  2. 100 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) is dissolved in 450 cm 3 of water.
    1. How many moles of NaCl are present in solution?
    2. What is the volume of water (in dm 3 )?
    3. Calculate the concentration of the solution.
    4. What mass of sodium chloride would need to be added for the concentration to become 5,7 mol · dm - 3 ?
  3. What is the molarity of the solution formed by dissolving 80 g of sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) in 500 cm 3 of water?
  4. What mass (g) of hydrogen chloride ( HCl ) is needed to make up 1000 cm 3 of a solution of concentration 1 mol · dm - 3 ?
  5. How many moles of H 2 SO 4 are there in 250 cm 3 of a 0,8 M sulphuric acid solution? What mass of acid is in this solution?

Questions & Answers

A golfer on a fairway is 70 m away from the green, which sits below the level of the fairway by 20 m. If the golfer hits the ball at an angle of 40° with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how close to the green does she come?
Aislinn Reply
cm
tijani
what is titration
John Reply
what is physics
Siyaka Reply
A mouse of mass 200 g falls 100 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.0 m/s. During its fall, how much work is done on the mouse by air resistance
Jude Reply
Can you compute that for me. Ty
Jude
what is the dimension formula of energy?
David Reply
what is viscosity?
David
what is inorganic
emma Reply
what is chemistry
Youesf Reply
what is inorganic
emma
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter,it composition,it structure and the changes it undergoes
Adjei
please, I'm a physics student and I need help in physics
Adjanou
chemistry could also be understood like the sexual attraction/repulsion of the male and female elements. the reaction varies depending on the energy differences of each given gender. + masculine -female.
Pedro
A ball is thrown straight up.it passes a 2.0m high window 7.50 m off the ground on it path up and takes 1.30 s to go past the window.what was the ball initial velocity
Krampah Reply
2. A sled plus passenger with total mass 50 kg is pulled 20 m across the snow (0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 25° above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the work of the applied force, (b) the work of friction, and (c) the total work.
Sahid Reply
you have been hired as an espert witness in a court case involving an automobile accident. the accident involved car A of mass 1500kg which crashed into stationary car B of mass 1100kg. the driver of car A applied his brakes 15 m before he skidded and crashed into car B. after the collision, car A s
Samuel Reply
can someone explain to me, an ignorant high school student, why the trend of the graph doesn't follow the fact that the higher frequency a sound wave is, the more power it is, hence, making me think the phons output would follow this general trend?
Joseph Reply
Nevermind i just realied that the graph is the phons output for a person with normal hearing and not just the phons output of the sound waves power, I should read the entire thing next time
Joseph
Follow up question, does anyone know where I can find a graph that accuretly depicts the actual relative "power" output of sound over its frequency instead of just humans hearing
Joseph
"Generation of electrical energy from sound energy | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore" ***ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7150687?reload=true
Ryan
what's motion
Maurice Reply
what are the types of wave
Maurice
answer
Magreth
progressive wave
Magreth
hello friend how are you
Muhammad Reply
fine, how about you?
Mohammed
hi
Mujahid
A string is 3.00 m long with a mass of 5.00 g. The string is held taut with a tension of 500.00 N applied to the string. A pulse is sent down the string. How long does it take the pulse to travel the 3.00 m of the string?
yasuo Reply
Who can show me the full solution in this problem?
Reofrir Reply
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Chemistry grade 10 [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Jun 13, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11303/1.4
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Chemistry grade 10 [caps]' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask