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Image processing--calibration and canny edge detection

For each snapshot taken from the video, the processing returns the coordinates of the drum stick position relative to the paper boundary.

Since we are only using a part of the screen (only the part of white paper). We need to calibrate a new coordinate system for our later position detection. Therefore, we first took a snapshot of the whole system to detect the edge of the paper and then chose a corner as the new origin.

Intro to canny edge detection

To detect the edge of the paper, we used canny edge detector. To better understand the method, instead of using the MATLAB command, we implemented the method on our own.

Basic steps for canny edge detector

  • Smooth with Gaussian Filter
  • Compute Horizontal/Vertical Gradient
  • Compute magnitude of gradient
  • Non-Maximal Suppression
  • Perform Hysteresis Threshold
We have our codes attached at the bottom.

The image we implemented canny edge detection

After canny edge detection

The edge of the pater has been detected fairly accurately.

Boforehand

Before doing any image processing techniques on an image, we usually first smooth the image to get rid of most noise. To do this, we apply a Gaussian smoothing filter to the image.

Image gradient

An image gradient is a directional change in the intensity or color in an image. Edge detection utilized image gradient a lot since edges usually are places with discontinuity.

Gradient calculations

% The filter that reduces noise f = 1/159*[2 4 5 4 2;4 9 12 9 4;5 12 15 12 5;4 9 12 9 4;2 4 5 4 2]; n = imfilter(mg,f,'same');%Gradient Magnitude and Angle %x direction partial derivativemg = double(mg); Dx = [-1 0 1;-2 0 2;-1 0 1]; % y direction partial derivativeDy = [1 2 1;0 0 0;-1 -2 -1];% Compute the gradient magnitude and the angle of the gradient n1 = imfilter(mg,Dx);n2 = imfilter(mg,Dy); % initializations = [];theta = [];theta1= [];n1 = double(n1); n2 = double(n2);for i = 1:size(m,1)for j = 1:size(m,1) % calculate the gradient magnitudes(i,j) = sqrt((n1(i,j))^2+(n2(i,j))^2); theta(i,j) = 360*(atan(n1(i,j)/n2(i,j)))/3.14;% round anglesif (22.5&lt;theta(i,j)&amp;&amp;theta(i,j)&lt;=67.5) theta1(i,j) = 45;elseif (67.5<theta(i,j)&&theta(i,j)<=112.5) theta1(i,j) = 90;elseif (112.5<theta(i,j)&&theta(i,j)<=157.5) theta1(i,j) = 135;elseif (157.5<theta(i,j)&&theta(i,j)<=202.5)||(0<theta(i,j)&&... theta(i,j)<=22.5)||(337.5<theta(i,j)&&theta(i,j)<=360) theta1(i,j) = 0;elseif (202.5<theta(i,j)&&theta(i,j)<=247.5) theta1(i,j) = 45;elseif (247.5<theta(i,j)&&theta(i,j)<=292.5) theta1(i,j) = 90;else theta1(i,j) = 135;end endend

Non-maximum suppression

This method returns a single pixel width edge of the image. Basic algorithm is as follows: If pixel (x; y) has the highest gradient magnitude of the three pixels examined, it is kept as an edge. If one of the other two pixels has a higher gradient magnitude,then pixel (x; y) is not on the center of the edge and should not be classified as an edge pixel.In this way we could get a clear and thin edge of the image.

Questions & Answers

what is microbiology
Agebe Reply
What is a cell
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what is cell
Mohammed
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Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
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How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
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the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
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Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
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Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
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faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
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Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
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I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
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ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
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skin
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Source:  OpenStax, Virtual drum kit. OpenStax CNX. Dec 19, 2013 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11607/1.1
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