0.1 The progressive era (part ii)  (Page 11/11)

The best question might be when and why did the Progressive Era end? The New Deal can easily be examined as a continuation of the Progressive Era and the Great Society legislation of the Johnson administration a continuation of the presidencies of Roosevelt and Truman. In other words, the Progressive baton was picked up by future presidents. Progressive reform even blossomed during the presidency of Richard Nixon – the creation of the Department of Energy to deal with the oil embargo and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency, as well as Nixon’s support for the Clean Air Bill and the Clean Water Bill. Although examples of progressive social, economic, political, and religious achievements will certainly be evident throughout the twentieth century, the beginning of the end of the Progressive Era, as we define it, begins in the next chapter.

Chronology

1889 Jane Addams founds Hull House in Chicago

1901 U. S. Steel Corporation founded first billion dollar corporation.

Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives

1894 Henry Demarest Lloyd, Wealth Against Commonwealth; Tammany Hall

overthrown

1896 Wabash vs Illinois—U. S. Supreme Court

outlawed state regulation of interstate commerce

1898 Spanish-American War

1899 Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class

1900 International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) founded; Carrie

Chapman Catt becomes president of National American Woman Suffrage Movement

1901 McKinley assassinated; Theodore Roosevelt becomes president; Colonial war fought in Philippines

1902 Roosevelt mediates coal strike; Roosevelt orders attorney

general to bring suit to dissolve Northern Securities; Jane Addams,

Democracy and Social Ethics

1903 Maria Van Vorst, The Woman Who Toils

W. E. B. DuBois, Souls of Black Folks

Revolution organized in Panama

1. Roosevelt elected president; Northern Securities Case resolved; Lincoln

Steffens, The Shame of the Cities; Ida Tarbell, History the Standard Oil Company; John Moody, The Truth About Trusts;

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

1905 International Workers of the World (IWW) organized; Pinchot

head of the U. S. Forest Service; Roosevelt mediates Russo-

Japanese War settlement; At Roosevelt’s urging San Francisco desegregates schools

1906 David Graham Phillips, The Treason of the Senate; Hepburn Act to regulate

railroads; Upton Sinclair, The Jungle; Pure Food and Drug Act; Meat Inspection

Act; Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace Prize

1908 William Howard Taft elected president

1909 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded;

Ballinger controversy

1910 Push for woman suffrage increases with several new states granting women the right to vote; Mann-Elkins Act empowered; Interstate Commerce Commission

1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire; Standard Oil dissolved

1912 Three way election - GOP (Taft), Progressives (T. Roosevelt), and Democrats (Wilson). Wilson elected; U. S. troops in Mexico

1913 Pujo Committee; Federal Reserve Act;

Sixteenth Amendment—income tax

Seventeenth Amendment—direct election of senators; 30,000 march in New

York for woman’s suffrage

1914 Clayton Anti-trust Act; Completion of Panama Canal; Federal Trade Commission

Act

1915 Congressional Union founded to push for woman suffrage

1916 Federal Farm Loan Act; Wilson re-elected;

Margaret Higgins Sanger opens birth control clinic

1918 Jeanette Rankin introduced suffrage amendment that passed the House

1919 Eighteenth Amendment—prohibition

1920 Nineteenth Amendment—woman’s suffrage

SUGGESTED READINGS

John Milton Cooper Jr., The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore

(1983).

Robert Morse Crunden, Ministers of Reform; The Progressives’ Achievement in

American Civilization, 1889-1920 (1984).

David B. Danbom, “The World of Hope”: Progressives and the Struggle for an Ethical

Public Life. (1987).

Noralee Frankel and Nancy F. Dye, (eds.) Gender, Class, Race and Reform in the

Progressive Era (1991).

Elizabeth Frost and Kathryn Cullen-DuPont, Women’s Suffrage in America, An

Eyewitness Report (1995).

Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Byran to F.D.R. (1955).

Harold Howland, Theodore Roosevelt (1921).

William O’Neill, The Progressive Years: America Comes of Age (1975).

John Lugton Safford, Pragmatism and the Progressive Movement in the United States:

The Origins of the New Social Sciences (1987).

Dorothy Schneider and Carl J. Schneider, American Women in the Progressive Era,

1900-1920 (1994).

Mildred I. Thompson, Ida B. Wells-Barnett: An Exploratory Study of an American

Black Woman, 1893-1930 (1990).

Ida B. Wells-Barnett, On Lynching: Southern Horrors, A Red Record Mob Rule in New

Orleans (1991).

Marjorie Spruill Wheeler (ed)., One Woman, One Vote: Rediscovering the Woman

Suffrage Movement (1995).

Robert H. Wiebe, Businessmen and Reform (1962).